10 Rules for Life with Michael Saylor
Peter McCormack · 2023-05-17 · 2h 02m · View on YouTube →
okay Michael this is uh my son
Connor great to meet you Connor cheers
you too uh we've told him a lot about
you I'm going to tell you a little bit
about him so he quit uni how long ago
about a month ago and I'm conscious when
we make this podcast and you do
interviews you do a lot we're most of
the time if not all the time talking to
our peers or people of a similar age but
there's a whole generation like Connor
who some of them have gone to UNI and
realized it's not them some of them are
learning things right now even think of
my daughter which are going to be uh
unrequired with AI in the future and so
I think this's this whole different
crowd that we can talk to but I just
think for someone like Connor you look
we know you've been successful you've
had a hugely successful career it'd be
good to hear some of the most important
lessons you've learned that maybe you
could share with Connor and con I might
have some questions back well cool well
first of all you're lucky you get to
start life fresh
with uh none of the baggage of the rest
of us and and uh the opportunities in
the 21st century are extraordinary um I
was uh I was at a a social Gathering uh
a number of years ago and a a
multi-billionaire walked up to me and
and he said I've got uh I've got twins a
boy and a girl and on their 21st
birthday I want to give them a book of
advice that I gathered from all of my
friends so if you could I want you to
write down your advice to my 21 year
olds on on the occasion of their
maturity and uh I said really said yeah
yeah and I'm I'm gonna put it together
with you know everybody else I know and
so I said okay I guess I can do that and
I thought that was one of those things
where he was going to wait a few months
and I would send it VI email but he
takes out a little red book he puts it
in my hand with a pen he says okay write
them down now I could a big party is
cocktail party people are going you know
around and it's a
spectacular Villa looking over the
Mediterranean and I didn't really think
I would be asked this question you know
give me advice for two you know young
adults but I thought okay thank thank
thank thank thank so I sit down and I
wrote down 10
things and I handed it back to him so
I'm gonna start by giving you those 10
suggestions and then I'm going to give
you uh some practical suggestions that I
would give to anybody
um that go beyond the theory okay so the
theory uh
one Focus your energy you think you can
do everything you can't and everybody
overestimates all the things they can do
the things I regret in my life for all
the good ideas I pursued to the
detriment of my great idea you know you
you're going to have 27 good ideas and
they're going to be and and Peter
interviews people with good ideas all
the time and then you ask the question
well do we have the energy to make it
work so you got to focus Conor every
time I do an interview with Michael it
ends with him telling me this a give as
well focus and that's you go to my
Twitter profile I got laser eyes the
message of laser eyes is focus I'm I'm
not against a thousand things I am not
in favor of a hundred things I am simply
trying to advocate for one thing and the
the one thing is Bitcoin so Focus your
energy uh second guard your time
everybody's going to actually want to
take your time there's going to be a
million things you can do with your time
and and you know when I was growing up
we had like three channels and we had
like every night programming that was
original from 8 to 11: and you know
there was no porn like there was one
Playboy magazine I saw in the woods once
in my entire childhood why is it always
in the woods do you remember that it's
always in the woods it it was sitting in
some like wed car you know and it was
you know it was legendary all the
teenage boys would talk about the one
Playboy magazine you know uh and so
today you've got twitch and you've got
YouTube and you've got Infinite porn
you've got infinite games and you've got
infinite you've got infinite everything
and if you look at the scourge of
modernity it's every possible thing
people ever thought they might want we
figured out how to manufacture it in
bulk pharmaceutical grade and drive the
variable cost to zero so uh infinite
music used to be music cost money
infinite books used to be books you know
I went to the library I checked out
books I had to take them back there was
a limit on the books so no limits today
and you really have to have to ask
yourself the question how are you going
to spend your time because you could
literally spend the next 30 years of
your life watching chess videos on
YouTube not playing chess just watching
the videos of other people playing chess
right there's infinite hundreds of
thousands of hours of Chess videos to be
watched so the third the third piece of
advice is train your
mind train it right uh you know train
what math learn math learn to speak
learn a language uh learn logic
especially logic and language and and
basic thinking skills uh how you do that
right it doesn't necessar mean need to
go to university right uh I launched the
Sailor Academy and we've given education
to one and a half million students we
don't charge them a nickel it's it's
absolutely free in my opinion you can
probably train your mind better
faster not in a school today right but
because the options I had when I was
going through school like when I was in
high school I could
learn Spanish or French or Latin but
that's all I could learn and I could
learn two years of it and I could learn
at the same rate as everybody else and I
could learn one semester of calculus or
and half a semester of calcul that's all
I can learn so train your mind use
technology to do it uh the fourth train
your body be healthy uh you don't have
to do things that are inflammatory and
dangerous I mean I'm not telling you to
go be a a a boxer or or take excessive
risk but I think any kind of healthy
training the pattern you get into your
entire life is important it won't be
that important in the first like right
now in your 20s or your 30s you get away
with really really bad behavior there
will be a greater price to pay in your
40s it will get exponentially worse in
your 50s if you engage in really bad
behavior and you don't Train Your Body
by the time you get to your 60 sometimes
the you know the Journey's over and when
you get to your 70s You' like to be able
to walk around and uh being able to walk
around or into your 80s or the or the
like is a function of your of the way
you uh treat your health so you know if
you're body goes your mind will go later
and life is just not that
fun uh fifth think for yourself
everybody's going to tell you what to
think everybody you know every media
organization is in the business of
telling you what to think uh and
generally they all have an
agenda uh when at some point in your
life you'll read a story and you'll ask
the question what was the agenda of the
journalist that wrote the story and what
was the agenda of the media organization
that published the journalist and what
was the agenda in the nation where the
journalist lives and if you if you start
to think about all those things then
you'll realize that oftentimes in life
if you especially if you run a business
like I want to do something I want maybe
I want to buy a product I never bought
the product before and Peter sells a
version of the product and Danny sells
version of the product and you sell a
version of the product and you all three
of you are experts I know nothing
what I what I do is I try to buy from
each of you and then I triangulate
between each of you and you can tell me
lies you can tell me lies you can tell
me lies I wouldn't know the difference
but at some point you will rat out him
you will rat out he will rout out you
you will rout out him I will create a
mosaic of it and I will figure out what
the truth is by inferring it from a
bunch of uh distorted information so
assume everything's distorted and it's
your job to
synthesize and get to your version of
the truth um six uh curate your
friends you know be careful The Company
You Keep right some people will make you
better and and they'll lift you up and
other people will drag you down and
plenty of people's lives are ruined by a
bad friendship and their teens right
your friend wants I'm not going to go
into details you figure it out choose
your friends carefully choose their
values and and you have infinite Choice
there there's eight billion people on
the planet right you can find three
friends that that that will work well
with you and so figure out figure out
the right ones and run from the wrong
ones you know cherish the right ones
seventh curate your
environment like look where we are right
now right there's good light in this
room didn't have to be good light in
this room Peter could have picked one
that has awful light right pick the
environment that's happy that's healthy
chating the environment means choose
where you will live what city what
neighborhood how you will live you know
do you want to live in a house with
green grass do you want to live in an
apartment think hard about that you have
a you have more Choice than you think
you have it will impact your mental
health it'll impact your your your
physical health for example you study
statistics you find that the likelihood
of you getting mugged or murdered is
highly correlated to your pedestrian
pattern so if you actually walk down 10
blocks in a bad neighborhood and you
walk back and forth every day to work in
the wrong place you're like a thousand
times more likely to get killed mugged
murder whatever right so you made that
choice you might not realize you made
that choice but where you are and um and
how you live makes a difference to your
mental and your physical health um eight
uh keep your promises whatever they are
the one thing people remember about you
for the for the rest of your life if you
promis them something 27 years later
they will still remember if you lied to
them or if you promised them something
and you didn't do it and the problem
with that is that that credibility over
time compounds and and if you don't have
credibility people aren't going to want
to help you they're not going to help
you in fact they're going to actually
celebrate your failure so don't make
promises you can't keep but bend Heaven
and Earth to keep the promises you do
make and that you know obviously in
business it's the difference between
businesses succeeding and failing and
like when you get in the public markets
my stock trades every day from 9:30 to
4: if people felt like I was going to do
something different than what I told
them hundreds of millions or billions of
dollars of capital would disappear in a
heartbeat
when people feel when you lose
credibility so you're ail to accomplish
something in life is based on your
credibility so so don't make promises
you can't keep and keep your promises uh
nine uh stay cheerful be constructive
right the world's full of 10,000 things
that are ugly and
awful but uh and and you can you you can
talk about them at infinitum but if you
sit with someone you know for three
hours and you talk about how awful the
world is or or how much you don't like
it at some point if you watch them I do
this with my employees okay I've this
I've lived this life okay so I've s with
employees and I'm in a bad mood I'm like
this isn't working this isn't working
this is not working this is not right we
could have done this better we could
have done this better we could could
have done this better and this is what
happens to the person on the other side
of the table start here they're like hey
what are we going to do today they're
like
and then pretty soon they're like beat
down
exhausted you know and then you end with
that parade of horribles you're like so
we can do this and they're but you've
already beat them to death right and so
so you need to they need to
enjoy and and look forward to their
engagement with you if you uh if you
want to accomplish something find a way
to do it in a cheerful constructive way
um cheer you know things that go viral
on Twitter more often they're like
constructive cheerful things you know if
you're entertaining or you find if I
post a
criticism then some people see it but it
doesn't go that far when I post a
solution like here's here's a free thing
here's a free course here is a free
resource you can have this for free this
is this is a tool you can use if you
know like for example the other day I
post I saw a really nice video on what
is bitcoin and it had been posted by uh
a Bitcoin Advocate and it had like 800
views because she didn't have that many
followers I thought but this is kind of
sad this is sitting and languishing was
like three and a half minutes of why
Bitcoin is good so I retweeted it and uh
you know I said no there will only be 21
million Bitcoin or never be more than 21
million Bitcoin or something that went
to like 200,000 250,000 views but what
happened was all the other people on
Twitter said hey this is a really good
orange pilling video and they started
retweeting it and you can see on Twitter
now how people bookmark things you can
count the bookmarks and it had the
number one set of book like thousands of
bookmarks like people were bookmarking
like you could see in their mind they're
like I should save this because I might
need to send this to my father my mother
my friend it's like I post something
kind of snarky or or or or critical or
pessimistic no one's bookmarking that
you know and so cheerful and
constructive works better PE also you
want people to look forward to seeing
you whether it's in a working
environment like I enjoy working with
you or if they're a customer or if
they're A supplier or if they're just a
friend and I mean number 10 uh upgrade
the world there's a lot of ways to do it
figure out how you're going to upgrade
the world have you know have a a way so
that that's my theoretical advice uh for
someone entering their adulthood um
practical
advice um stuff that uh I think is
useful uh I wish I'd studied even more
history like especially serving a lot of
history by the way history his story
it's just a story right Alexander the
Great took Herodotus with him on his
campaigns that's why Alexander is the
great because he hired a historian to
write the book about him okay there's
10,000 Stories okay and if you read all
the stories there's the story from the
point of view of of a thousand different
Indian tribes from the point of view of
the Mayans the Aztecs the Europeans the
French the Spaniard the Americans
everybody's got the story the Romans the
GS the Russians the Japanese Chinese
they've all got the story from their
point of view and they're the hero and
the other the other tribe is the villain
the Barbarian the whatever so if you if
you read history enough of it then
you'll be empathetic and you'll be
better able to interpret what's going on
now for for example like all these
things taxes you know you know there
were ta there were monopolies on who
could bake in New York City in the
1600s there was there was Monopoly on
who could make a hat you had to have a
seven-year apprenticeship before you
could make a hat they're already you
know who wanted them the Hat makers in
London wanted them there are monopolies
on who could trade with what P we had
tobacco notes as money and then there
was a massive fight because someone
wanted to cap the price of the tobacco
money and the ministers getting paid in
tobacco had a fit and appeal to the
crown when you read history all these
things then you realize everything
you're seeing today it's not new and
when someone says we had we have to do
this because this is unique it's not
unique right you won't be so easily
manipulated so history is good uh in
math a lot of things I studied in math
aren't useful calculus calculus of
variations differential equations uh
complex things like that the only way in
which those are useful it's useful it's
useful that I studied Vector math or
linear math because I could think about
vectors and I could think n
dimensionally so the idea of
n-dimensional math the idea of nonlinear
math some of these things are useful to
study but the actual technique
unnecessary because the computer and now
the AI I'll do it for you in a split
second but I tell you the kind of math
that I use every day every hour of the
day and if you don't have this you will
never be successful in business and you
probably won't be successful in politics
or life and that is applied
statistics and by applied statistics I
mean can you just explain that quick
I mean understanding how significant it
is the thing someone's telling you for
example the problem in this country is
people slipping and falling in bathtubs
and therefore we need a tax to rebuild
everybody's bathtub being able to figure
out how many people actually slip and
fall in bathtubs or and comparing it to
shark attacks and comparing it to death
by you know drinking too much alcohol or
a heart attack or or the likelihood of
you dying in a car crash or crossing the
street or the example I gave you which
is statistically you're a lot more
likely get mugged if you walk by you can
correlate it to the number of minutes
you spend on the street in a bad
neighborhood right so if you understand
if once you think about statistics
statistics is essential to do business
because you have to pick for example
what's the statistical likelihood that
block five Celsius and FTX are going to
fail each year like that's counterparty
risk if the if you thought they were
going to fail once in a hundred years
that's a 1% risk a year and you have to
put a 1% premium on top it turned out
they were basically likely to fail
within 36 months so the risk premium was
36% and if they were paying you an
interest rate less than 40% on your
money you statistically losing all your
money so understanding statistics and
and being able to apply it to business
to life uh to uh to your social life
that's kind of useful um it's useful in
in and purchasing it's useful in
governance if you're ever a politician
um what's the if I actually shut down
the entire economy of the state because
I think there's a hurricane that's going
to hit
Miami okay what's the statistical
statistical likely it hits Miami what's
the what's the amount of damage it does
when it hits Miami what happens if it
doesn't hit Miami what's the cost of the
shutdown the state okay that's something
you kind of have to make a decision on
when you decide where you're going to
live and if you're ever if you're ever
lucky enough to be a a leader you need
to know that and uh
generally you know when you do study
statistics you start to learn that most
human interventions are iatrogenic
iatrogenic being a long complicated word
for does more harm than good when the
Cure is worse than the disease most most
things are iatrogenic so if the
odds if the odds of you actually having
a disease or one in a
million and the medicine is 99%
effective that means that 1% of a
million people that take the
medicine right and and this particular
case it's a 1% uh 100,000 10,000 so you
got 10,000 people that take the
medicine one of them is going to die of
the
disease so that means that in that case
99.99% of the people that take the
medicine are going to be sick from
taking the medicine and they're not
going to be helped right but to figure
that out right you have to understand
you have to ask some basic statistical
questions right How likely is is it you
know that that that thing that you fear
is going to kill me or hurt me versus
how much damage will your prescribed
cure do to me and we all had a lot of
examples of that lately uh so statistics
I think is really valuable and I I guess
um my I'll I'll end with just uh
practical suggestions on on how to be
successful
um in every ation there's a tool um a
platform a new thing a new technology
and when that technology hits if you
take advantage of it in the first five
years you'll probably be
immortalized for example lead Zeppelin
and The Beetles you know if you look at
all classic rock from 1969 to 1975 and
and you made a list of all the truly
insanely great stuff done and then you
see an exponential decay in unique rock
and roll music from that point forward
it gets exponentially harder um the
piano the work by chopan Beethoven
Mozart extraordinary gets exponentially
harder to make a unique piano
contribution if you look at the
Mainframe then the mini computer then
the PC then the
internet you kind of wna when you're
coming of age you ask the question
what's the new thing what is the
extraordinary thing now if if uh
Michelangelo lived today he wouldn't do
what he did then just like if Beethoven
lived today you probably be seeing some
Exquisite Dynamic meters you know
construct created so there is human
genius in every generation and you have
some talent but the issue is what do you
harness is it Instagram that's the old
thing was it Snapchat was it you know
Tick Tock or in in the current time
period this explosion of of AI you know
AI mid journey and and uh chat Bots and
the
like I went to school at MIT and the
previous generation the generation of
Engineers that put the the man on the
moon they designed spaceships with slide
rules I use an hp1 15c calculator a
decade later they had spreadsheets on
laptops and I used think man I could
have been 100x as effective if I had a
spreadsheet on a laptop you know and
then they had the internet you know and
and today you know you could say give me
a Shakespearean Sonet you know in the
style of whatever about roses and
Bitcoin and you know it's like well
maybe four years of English literature
studies down the drain because yeah it
turns out in some ways the person that
has no Talent
like yesterday um was Mother's
Day I wanted to post a picture for
Mother's Day I went and I you know first
I went to Google I Googled Bitcoin
Mother's Day memes nothing then I went
to Twitter all my memesters like my
favorite accounts that post memes I'm
like okay well I there's a there's a
mother there's another one I don't know
if that'll play very well some people
might not identify with you know that
image so then I went to Mid journey and
I typed Bitcoin
bouquet Bitcoin bouquet something like
that bam I got 12 different pictures
click click click click click ah there's
one with the Bitcoin in the middle and
orange and I like the orange and it's
black background copy
paste okay I just made it myself and you
know I I would say as an artist I have
no no Talent at all and when I was going
through
school um I would not have been
interested in art history or art because
if you take an art class but you can't
paint and you can't draw right this
experience comes to a grinding halt in a
hurry but if I could roll the clock back
and do it again I would take a really
detailed art class because now what I
realize is I can produce anything in any
style and any texture you know you know
in the style of of any of 10,000
artists right and then you start
discovering light there's like infinite
light there's infinite you know I I
tripped over anodized titanium and I was
typing give me a Bitcoin and anodize
titanium and it's posted on Twitter it
ran really well by the way I didn't even
know there was a style of anodized
titanium but once you once you have the
tool in your hand you realize that that
there's an entire language of
imagery that professional photographers
and professional artist they know uh and
it was off limits to the Layman uh until
mid Journey or or other AI generative
tools but today you could generate your
own music you might generate your own
video you might generate your own art
you might you know you might generate
your own songs your own raps your own
what
whatever and the ROI is much higher like
uh I I had two paintings on my yacht I
don't like the paintings you know 20
years ago you have to hire an artist to
repaint them this time around I said you
know give me two Polynesian girls in the
style of kadinsky and someone said well
why don't you try this one plugged in
another one I spun up some images I said
I shipped them off to uh you know to a a
painting you know like a a 3D printer
that does paintings on canvas they come
back I'm G to put them on my boat I do
my own art I can I can curate my own
life it's a so it's new platforms new
things and
sometimes you know uh the old way was
you're in a big organization surrounded
by hundreds or thousands of people and
there's a big Network and you know you
can say one tenth is much or one 100th
as much and you're a 100 times slower
and the new way is maybe
it's Peter and
Danny and you're your own network and
you do what you want to do and you're
much more agile and you've got more
distribution channels and uh you know
you can create totally new forms of
content never before possible so I would
say you look at uh look at the platforms
of the day and ask asked the question if
I put an hour of work in what gives me
the biggest bang for the buck and and
not to be Debbie Downer but but my
advice is I wouldn't I wouldn't go back
and try to replicate the successes of
each previous generation of the people
that are admired in the culture they did
the best they could at the time that
they were working in unfamiliar
territory when they did it so don't copy
them you you
it's okay to learn to play the guitar
fine I mean but it's it's an
avocation right it's it's for fun it's a
hobby um like like it's fun to play
chess you yeah sure play chess is a
hobby but the you know two most
successful chess players Hikaru and and
Magnus they figured out that chess.com
and and you know they're streaming on
Twitch they're monetizing on chess.com
and and the the greatest example right
now for those people that like chesses
Magnus said I'm not playing for the
world championship in classical time
format I'm gonna play rapid matches
Blitz matches Etc well the classical
time format games are all boring they
take four hours to six hours who's gon
to watch a six-hour chess game in the
year
2023 and and so they're they're just not
good content they're not fun everybody
would rather watch you know thre minute
you know sign his b with his mates
playing on Twitch and and and Hikaru who
probably is he's the highest paid
wealthiest us chess player he plays on
Twitch and and he sits and he banters
with his audience he chats people are
like man you're you're not looking at
like what could I say guys man this is
just who I am you know what do you think
about you know such and such well and he
gives you political opinions it's
hilarious he crushes his opponents and
then and he he's got the chess. logo in
the bottom and people are giving him
tips or something on Twitch he like you
know I can only stream on Twitch guys
that's just the rules I to make the
rules blah blah blah and then later on
he posts on
YouTube and when you ask him what's his
profession I'm not a chess player I'm a
streamer you know like like yeah but
like he's you Happ we Cricket guy thinks
for himself yeah so there we go and end
of sermon good luck good luck man how
was it you have the one thing by the way
that no one else has which is you're
young you have your Youth and any you
know anybody in their 40s 60s and 80s
would pay nearly infinite to be sitting
where you are right now to have the
tools that you're
disposal so have at it I was going to
ask quickly um you talked about that
fiveyear window with any new technology
that comes into the world to have like a
significant impact with it you've got to
get in early
with AI do you think that 5year Windows
ran out now no I think the clock started
6 months ago and I you know like what
you saw was okay well people can go and
they can chat on uh on GPT but what you
haven't seen is people unleashing uh an
artificial intelligence agent right you
see the the news this week was Carol AI
some some Instagram or some Snapchat
Snapchat person
created an AI girlfriend version of
herself that she's actually selling
online to thousands of men so she she
created an AI girlfriend with a
combination of of things now and so
she's she's the first woman to launch an
AI girlfriend she won't be the last
right she charges by the minute right it
might be that the business model is AI
girlfriend $10 a month not $10 a minute
but we'll see um I think creating uh
full autonomous AIS that do things right
you know can you create an a bot that'll
drive your car can you create a bot
that'll do your accounting can you do a
create a bot that that will be your
lawyer can you you know can you like I I
talk to people in the Sailor Academy we
have courses we upload them they're free
I said you know well it seems to me like
now you can create like a a digital
Professor that's got 100 phds that will
ENT interactively tutor anybody for free
that knows everything so you know once
upon a time uh the most powerful man in
the world was Phillip king of Macedon
the most promising Heir in the world was
Alexander his son soon to be Alexander
the Great and Alexander's tutor was
Aristotle the most learned you know
polymath in the world at the time it's
not it's not often that you get the
smartest person in the world to be your
personal tutor but now everybody can
have the smartest person in the world
maybe it's coming so with regard to AI I
think you've got like 60 months and in
those 60 months you know people are
gonna chip away at that
sometime might be you've got 10 years on
certain things but but this is the
decade where people going to create
extraordinary things I I'm sure there'll
be a girl you know I mean look at the
Kardash could you imagine the
Kardashians being billionaires 40 years
ago in in the era of People magazine it
was the magazine and it was
Entertainment Tonight that monetized
your celebrity and they kept all the
money and the Kardashians were possible
because social media platforms allowed
them to own their own brand and monetize
their own
celebrity but imagine what happens if if
you can convert yourself in you can do
something for me well maybe you can
create an AI that can do that thing for
a million people at the same
time okay so what will it be I don't
know but but I think you should pay
attention and think real hard and
generally what happens is the again you
notice how like you know octogenarians
don't really embrace you know new ideas
as enthusiastically as as 20s somethings
and teenagers
it's just human nature at some point you
just a you don't have the need they're
comfortable right they just want to be
left alone and then B you know they they
don't uh they don't have the kind of
neuroplasticity you know when when
you're between zero and 10 you want to
learn Chinese or Spanish or Russian yeah
it's 100% likely you'll Master it
fluently and then every decade that goes
on right you just get less flexible
and you get less economically flexible
less culturally flexible less
technically flexible you know and so
right
now I think it'll be some you know
somebody you know will just look and
they'll create some outrageously
compelling thing that no one could ever
do before that no one ever thought to
do and uh it'll probably be with it
almost certainly be one of these new
platforms because you know you get to
the point where where humans just have
this way within 10 years of of using a
new technique every which way they
possibly can and it's what they call the
S curve you can't do anything for a
thousand years and then you hit the
curve of commercialization and now you
can do stuff and we go from right
Brothers to the Moon in 66
years and then you hit a
wall hit a wall and like all the modern
you modern airplanes designed in the 70s
and the 60s and they kind of like got
stuck because Fuel and engine technology
they just didn't advance and and uh and
so we're we're waiting for this
fundamental
engine that allows you to do something
you know uh catalytic and
transformational and you you know you
can you can you know it when you see it
like when you see an you know an AI bot
that's read everything the human race
has ever written and can spit it back to
you and it splits
second yeah it's like okay uh H
interesting you know
um you just you got to internalize that
there's a few other things right like
you know there's certain certain types
of chips that are interesting the Unreal
Engine when I look at that I think
someone can create a world that's
getting close to the real world yeah
right it's unbelievable have you seen
some of this stuff I I have seen some of
it but not recently but look at Unreal
Engine 5.1 it's absolutely Ely
unbelievable h i mean look you you
you've had
a multi- deade career now you've seen a
lot of Technologies come you know you
talked about it you know from the the
computer you've seen the internet
Bitcoin now ai is is AI just another
technology or or do you is it something
even more special to you like is it CAU
is it grabbed you in a way maybe other
things haven't
it's it's pretty
transformational I I you know I would
call it digital intelligence for the
first time we're just on the cusp of
real digital intelligence and and it's
it's more than just a tool because
digital intelligence means like once the
computer's able to do it it does it a
million times better a million times
faster a million times cheaper right and
it's a singularity type moment and then
that generally technology is is an acid
and and at some point it just
dematerializes and eats away the thing
that you use for example this destroyed
the atack tape the record it destroyed
CDs it destroyed DVDs it destroyed
cameras it destroyed scanners all so
many things that used to be physical
things in the world you know voice
recorders they all just kind of
dematerialized into that
phone with AI I think it's
dematerialized in things and services
and products and ideas in a disturbing
fashion we could talk we it's a totally
different subject but I think it's a
it's a more powerful technology than
certain other Technologies people get
excited
about you know I if they figure out how
to make the car drive itself right then
you're talking about increasing the
capital intensity by a factor of 10 of
all the vehicles in the world but but
but you maybe profoundly you know how
many tens of millions of jobs just get
eviscerated is that a concern or do you
think we will just figure out no I think
we should be concerned you do I I think
it's I think
it's one of Humanity's great
opportunities and one of Humanity's
great
threats because we've started to use it
I've started to use it I I compare AI to
me to Google when I first discovered
Google I had that moment I realized I
could do all of this find all this
information all of a sudden and it just
became something I used every day
there's lots of C internet technology to
come on Spotify was great but this is
the first time I'm genuinely going to AI
regularly to solve problems and do
things for me uh it's making me more
productive uh anything where I have to
do any writing I've I don't have writers
block anymore because I if I do if I
can't think of it straight away I get I
go to the II I say write me something
and I use that as the kind of trigger to
write what I want to write I might take
part of it all of it or none of it but
it's just it's sped me up I wrote a
strategy for my football team the other
day I started it in Ai and that gave me
a nine-point plan I turned it into a
10-point plan I removed a bit added a
bit but I'm quicker and faster and we
can see with this what we do the amount
of things it can do and so then when I
try and think about other uh careers
businesses Industries realize there's a
lot of jobs under threat you know if if
you're um
if you're a Roman general and you have a
triam and has 300 rowers in it then
you're generating 30
horsepower and uh if you have one of
those dinky like really small dinky
dingy engines you have a 70 horsepower
engine behind your boat in the modern
world and uh and we obliterated the need
for tens of for Manpower and and so many
areas you know typical car has got 3 400
horsepower you know think about think
about you know the average person when
they get 300 horsepower it used to be a
100 years ago the rich person had two
horsepower or four horsepower you know
carriage and we went to the point where
a poor person has 400 horsepower um and
I think AI like that where there's a lot
of people that that um weren't able to
generate
perfect legal legal uh documents or Pros
or a perfect business letters or you
know a witty WAP and
now anybody can and in fact the person
that uses the AI will probably look more
intelligent than the the actual talented
person that doesn't um and so and and
this particular case it's you there was
a world where where the
strong could dominate the weak and then
we invented the gun and then the weak
with the gun became the strong and if
you were you know you could spend your
entire life you know training in the
martial arts but the end of the day you
know when you when you read the book
what should I do well if you really need
to defend yourself you should get a cun
right it's a level up it's yeah it's
it's a
leveler
but you know let's take
robots you know you know I see the Lux
fredman interview with uh you know the
CEO of Boston Dynamics and they've got
the one little robot dog and they're
going to make him a happy robot dog to
be your pet right and they just talk
about that for four hours okay and then
you go on Twitter you you know you see a
video that's maybe 10 seconds long
without any narrative and it's a
warehouse with with a thousand of those
robot dogs doing push-ups and then you
go and you see one robot dog with the
gun on it y shooting the the gun and
then you think you know it's kind of
hard you know we're talking about
turning getting robots to be able to
cook our food and be nice to us and you
know be Companions and and and box
things and carry boxes through warehouse
and do back flips that's a hard but let
me tell you what isn't
hard put a bomb on a robot dog right
like at the end of the day if you're
asking how will the next War be fought
you know just give me 10,000 robot dogs
and put an explosive device on each of
the 10,000
dogs it's it's too hard to aim the gun
right it's it's certainly too hard to
get the you know to and now let's say
you're a soldier I don't know I get
should you be afraid for your job like
who's who wants 100,000 soldiers in the
army with guns like and by the
way would you want to be one of those
100,000 soldiers when 27 robot dogs with
explosives come walking one at a time
toward
you I've seen that black Mir yeah you
can see like there's no future like the
idea of armies there's no future to
armies the idea of aircraft with pilots
in them there's no future to that the
Navy there's no future to a ship with
people on it yeah you know the future is
swarms of drones in the air and on land
and the Sea and when I say swarms I mean
like I'm not going to manufacture one
I'm gonna manufacture 100,000 of them
and I'm going to get the manufacturing
cost down to a,2 $3,000 a
thing and uh and you know the cost of a
pilot in an F35 is
$3 million to train and the F35 is
A500 million aircraft why not just a
$5,000 switch blade and why don't I just
drop I could drop a thousand of them out
of the back of a c135 or a
b50 anything 500 miles away and and of
course you know the the initial reaction
if you if you go and you watch drone
races they're sponsored by the US Air
Force okay interesting thing so the Air
Force wants to sponsor drone drone
Pilots because it wants to recruit the
next the next generation of drone Pilots
but the the point I'm getting to is that
is even looking Antiquated right now I
mean why wouldn't you just put an AI
chip in 18,000 drones and just give them
a Target or just give them an algorithm
like every time you see a tank a tent a
building a Custer of 10 Soldiers with
Uniforms
on you're done you you know so
every war you fight the last war yeah
and all this stuff in our world is about
fighting the last war but the next war
is something profoundly different and a
lot of it's because of the ability to
put digital intelligence into anything
it also makes the idea of War much more
politically palp palatable because if
there's no human cost to your country at
least if it's you're just sending robots
like I don't think people will be
against the war as much like if it was
all robots in Iraq and Afghanistan Slug
It Out yeah I don't know it's terrifying
if you're on the receiving end of the
robots like I mean didn't didn't we do a
movie about that very famous one is this
the one I've not seen is this Terminator
yeah he's not seen what are we gonna do
when Skynet becomes self-aware yeah so
we uh we had it up in a recent interview
I I uh brought up Terminator 3 because
that's the moment at the end where he's
like he realized there was nothing they
could ever have done this was this was
always going to happen it's the reality
and we actually put it I said to Denny
last night like we're going to watch
Terminator 1 two and three we've got to
see how this plays out I I I think I
think the there's a lot of opportunity
we could talk we could have we want to
be cheerful and constructive I'll give
you four hours of great AI things we
could do but but in terms of the the
threat that I would immediately focus on
it's basically Aid driven Bots and
cyberspace or and Aid driven robots in
actual space right
and um the aid driven robots are are a
bit behind because it's harder to do you
know a robot is a machine that also has
digital intelligence the Bots though the
Bots you know I I think fundamentally
there's no reason why you can't launch
Millions tens of millions hundreds of
millions billions of bots in cyberspace
that will imitate humans actually there
will be better humans than the humans
are there's you know any and so I
actually believe that to a certain
degree there are many distortions we
have in the world today that have been
bot driven I you know I have observed
when I did when I drilled down that
95% of the toxicity in my own online
experience was bot driven it was never
humans it was when there's when there's
a malifa or attempting to sew the seeds
of Civil War it wasn't a human it's like
like like what would what would I do if
I wanted to destroy your Society I you
know I would convince you that he's
going to murder you and convince you
that he's going to murder you and I
would do it by you know by distorting
reality and I would just step back and
let the two of you fight it out do you
think there's a chance with this kind of
malignant Behavior that's that could
plague the internet that we maybe end up
rejecting it and go back to a lot of
inperson
interactions is a hope potential for
that it's it's a it's a a very healthy
response and I've had the same thought
myself like when you see this you start
thinking that
maybe we rely on these things too much I
mean we just a small analogy to to this
would be the podcast during covid era
when everything was remote I mean the
first time we did an interview was
remote and that was a more efficient way
of doing things and we could make more
money and we didn't have to travel we
didn't have the cost we could also get
uh easier access to bigger guests and
more downloads it was a as a business
model it worked
better but we've sacrificed all that and
chosen to travel chosen to have the
studio chosen to rent the thing and we
make 25 30% less money we can because we
know this is better and so like my only
hope is that that in some ways it
becomes almost unusable so you just
reject it I can't go into that Place
anymore go back to the woods with the
Playboy
magazine yeah the future will be some
hybrid what do you think what mix is not
clear it L for you as kids like cuz the
world you're describing it finds I find
it very hard to come to a place where
humans are even needed at
all it's pretty pretty true and I know
it's like a topic that's brought up a
lot within AI but what's your view on
where it leaves us because and what it
leaves us well if the AIS do take over
hopefully they'll like
us I rather think they might run the
world better than we
do we'll see you know we're we're
approaching the singularity where where
things can Veer in so many different
directions you know I I joke to someone
someone
I feel like I know how the world will
end and it's the other day I woke up and
I looked at my iPhone and it said uh you
know there's a security update you know
you know and you read the the the uh
description it says certain bug fixes
and security improvements and you either
install or you don't but if you don't
every day it asks you to install so
you're going to install it and I feel
like if there ever really wasn't
artificial intelligence and they
infiltrated the center of apple or the
center of Google they would just insert
a trojan horse piece of code into that
security update push it out to five
billion or six billion smartphones just
sit there with the back door for who
knows how long and then one day you just
wake up in your phone either just goes
blank or you maybe if it's colorful if
you want some melodramatic meltdown
everybody's phone just turns off but
more likely you would just see the
100,000 most powerful people in the
world they would just start to send
messages to each other moving money
around or launching you know initiatives
or starting Wars or or whatever they're
going to do and the human race will just
get taken along for the
ride and that I think you know that has
made if there's any any re result It's
Made Me much more passion
committed to
bitcoin because I actually think if if
Bitcoin what's the problem with every
system in a world of AI the problem with
with every system is what you just said
which is the AIS are better than the
humans the humans aren't necessary
anymore so to the extent that there are
humans in the loop whether they're
soldiers or Pilots or whether or not
they're programmers
if the AI gets smarter than us and
starts to learn a million times faster
than us then every single system with a
human in the loop is a weak
link and the the struggle we have all
the time is how do we take the humans
out of the loop and and Bitcoin is is
the greatest example of a system
constructed so that no humans are in
charge there's no there's no humans to
corrupt it right um you're not trusting
Apple you're not trusting a set of
developers and uh I I think that once if
if AI is capable of interfering in the
in the concerns of mankind then every
system that has a human in control of
it right or or has an attack surface via
a code update right is going to be
attack so what do you want
you want Analog Devices that can't be
updated so for example you know the
swimming pool in your backyard you know
isn't going to get a code update from
Tesla so when the AI takes over there'll
still be water in the swimming pool and
there may still be you know potatoes
growing and your horse may still be a
horse and uh and a car with an internal
combustion engine without software
downloaded you know from the central
system will probably still keep working
and your your gun will keep working so
physical things and Bitcoin the network
will keep
working the things that are going to
fail the fastest the most fragile you
know are these systems get continually
updated and and I
I it's a reason why I think the concept
of oif is more important than
ever it's the things that work well in
the universe if if we think about the
world it's like a the speed of sound and
the speed of light are constant right
you you know the laws of thermodynamics
the laws of gravitation attraction
they're constant no one fixes them or
improves them every month there are no
security updates to the universe that's
why the universe works no one has
changed the rate at which the sun you
know converts you know Mass into energy
uh and
so natural law is constant and stable
and the result is that things that are
based on it aren't natural and healthy
by our standards and now when you look
at man-made
things right the thing there are certain
things that are stable that will
probably continue to work even you know
after the AI melt everything and uh
they're they're kind of Off the Grid and
the stuff that's on the grid you know
you you just can't rely on any of it and
you can't rely on any human being to
make the decision so
oftentimes you know like with regard to
bitcoin you ask me what do I want like
don't change
it like I don't want to do you know
don't don't change it right just leave
it leave it alone like like math the
protocol you know there's a certain set
of numbers there's a zero a one a two a
three a four a five a six seven eight a
nine leave it right yeah you can come up
with other things you could do but but
well what if you got some malignant
AI cevs that are Anonymous that we can't
prove who they are so they stay
Anonymous and spend some time get to
know the other cord devs propose a bip
that gets approved and it's a malignant
attack that's why you don't you don't
want to have centrally downloading
self-updating software yeah like most of
the software on your iPhone right now is
just self-updating in the background you
don't even know it updated
and and so the the question really
becomes like how secure are all these
organizations how secure are these
governmental agencies and how secure are
these Banks like how many people would
it take in any given company to be to be
uh to see super user privileges like or
have root access control right and and
what is the process and I I think um you
know the danger is if there are three
people and can jointly decide to do it
then I can come up with lots of ways to
lever
spoof you know coers Coop the three
people right so that that's that's why
bitcoiners right that that's why we know
no Central counterparty is trustworthy
right that the theoretical reason why no
bank is trustworthy no company is
trustworthy no no no counterparty is
trustworthy because they're all run by
people you know what is trustworthy
what's trustworthy is gravity if you
like lean back in your chair and you
know I can guarantee you you will fall
over and I can guarantee you that
someone in the Himalayas that never had
a college education will also fall it is
completely trustworthy and because it's
trustworthy you can build a machine
based on
gravity I you know I can create skis
that will work in the Himalayas or in
America because I know the physical
qualities of snow and gravity right um
and no one's going to change it so
Bitcoin
to the extent that it's physical you can
build a machine on it because you can
trust it um you would never want to be
in a situation where the Bitcoin nodes
were you know getting Auto updated and
someone's Auto pushing right the truth
is that you know at some point the
developers will come up with an idea
which is iatrogenic right I I tend I
personally tend to be of the belief that
the I mean the the only only
real interesting use case for for
changing Bitcoin core code is when
there's an obvious when there's a bug
that is crippling and we all understand
it and agree it's a bug or when there's
a fatal threat and we all and we build
consensus that there's a fatal threat
that will burn the network to zero and
if there's a fatal call it a fatal bug
or a fatal attack surface that forms 50
years from now or whenever it does then
I suppose you might dispatch people that
change protocol but changing the
protocol for for functionality or
performance or to make it sexier or you
know bells and whistles and this all
those things are just profoundly
dangerous I think and and the idea the
idea in the crypto ecoystem which this
is not strong in Bitcoin Bitcoin is
probably the most conservative right
yeah but the idea you see in the other
proof of stake networks right where it's
just routine we'll do a hard Fork hard
Fork we got a road map the the idea that
we have to keep upgrading and keep
changing things that itself is
pernicious and it's going to be more
pernicious in the world of AI because
what that says is you've got an
application but you don't have you don't
have truth or Integrity or the base
layer and if you're going to build a
machine you need to build a machine
based on natural law that is
invariant and uh it it stands the reason
that Bitcoin is the only Network in
cyberspace that runs without human
intervention that's secure then probably
the only way to create anything else
that's secure in cyberspace is to
integrate it with
Bitcoin you see like I if I want to you
know there's this phrase Bitcoin fixes
this yeah I you know I'm of the opinion
that Bitcoin fixes everything right I
think Bitcoin is a solution to every
city every state every country every
corporation every Network every
application every product there's a way
to embed Bitcoin in it that makes it
better and I think right now the one
thing Bitcoin does is it gives you this
uh
immutable you know in immutable Immortal
you know Ledger right that's shared and
it it gives you a a form of of integrity
and truth and uh and a
physical uh a physical presence so like
you have a good idea public private key
cryptography okay so you spend up a
public key and a private key and you
create a noer account that's good but
the problem with that is my AI can
create a billion noer
accounts how long it take you to create
your noer account took you like 20
minutes minutes and then it takes you 20
minutes to post every day my AI created
20 billion noer accounts and it posts 20
billion times as frequently as you and
it's actually more entertaining and more
charismatic than you are and so maybe
I'm just going to warp reality because
what you've got is you've got something
in cyberspace but there's no
thermodynamic materiality to it or
thermodynamic conservativeness to it so
you want to fix it you have to combine
the idea of the public private key with
a transaction on the Bitcoin Network you
do one transaction you showed me you
spent a dollar okay well now your
billion your billion noer Bots cost you
a billion dollars and when I find out
that you're a noer bot and I block you
it cost you a dollar so there's a cost
and there's a
consequence if I want to make it a
bigger consequence right I I think the
most stunning thing right right in in
front of our face is the the Satoshi
phenomena and it's this satoshi's got
$30 billion of Bitcoin sitting on that
blockchain and we can see it in the form
of a million coins and we know that
Satoshi could digitally sign a message
and
prove that he she they exist and they
control that money and they could do it
quickly and we know that for 14 years
there's been a multi-billion dollar
reward to anybody that could hack that
still there and so if so what about this
what if I actually want to create an
orange
check uh where where I basically have a
public key burned into the Bitcoin
blockchain with one transaction but then
I create a green check which is I've
actually got that transaction attached
to a million
Satoshi and then a proof of reserve for
identity and then what if I do a blue
check with a 100 million Satoshi and
what if I do a you know a purple check
and it's it's tied to an account with
100 Bitcoin and now you've got a
hierarchy of of identity and you can now
build uh a hierarchy of security and
cost and consequence and you could layer
that sort of idea into all of these
other systems the Facebooks the apples
the Googles the microsofts and I I think
I think what Bitcoin what's special
about Bitcoin is they've combined the
Bitcoin Community they understand proof
of work so they've got hard they'
they've got physical energy analog
energy they've combined with digital
energy in the form of the shaw 256
hashing so they they they've got digital
power there actually what I meant was
yeah compute Power Plus analog energy
gives you digital power so we've got
this concept of digital power and it's
the most powerful Network we also have
the concept of public and private key
cryptography implemented we've also got
a third concept which you went add in F
item about in a number of your
interviews on multisig you know and and
multisig and multiactor and digital
Hardware assigning
devices right and if you look at the
things people are struggling with in
this world we're struggling with how do
we actually secure a system and the
answer is probably some combination of
multi-
signature physical signing devices
realworld presence of of energy and then
and then uh computer power that is
defensible like if the AI took over all
of Google Facebook and apple I'm
comfortable that they still can't stop
the Bitcoin Network and that's if they
took it over on one day every single
thing turned to attack the Bitcoin
network no amount of
intellect allows you to brute force it
because it literally is a Brute Force
defense and so cryptography is Brute
Force 350 xash is Brute Force 15
gigawatts is brute force and so right
now what what Satoshi created right was
yeah the world's hardest yeah the
world's greatest decentralized Network
yeah the first decentralized Network
yeah but Satoshi also showed us that I
can prove authenticity to the entire
world instantly and I can defend
something worth billions or or tens of
billions or hundreds of billions against
a Brute Force attack and that actually
offers the promise not just just to
fixing the money but it actually offers
the promise of securing cyers space
because you know I think at some point
we'd like to see all these people that
have control of these Enterprise systems
we'd like to see their their privilege
checked by something in the physical
world like multi- signature
thermodynamically sound uh
authentication Network and you can do it
you could you could implement orange
checks on Twitter where everybody that
wanted to post on Twitter needed to do a
Bitcoin transaction once in their life
and you you know you
completely change the way people think
but I I'm
interested I'm personally interested in
the Enterprise applications for
Enterprise
security right so you know like the very
colorful ordinal inscriptions debate you
know that popped up and I'm just totally
on the fence on it
I've been kind of on the fence with it
in that I want Bitcoin to be really good
money uh um but I don't really care if
people find other uses for the protocol
if they're useful because I think if
it's useful it stick around I don't
think ordinals the future of ordinal is
jpeg I think it's something else I'm not
sure what and therefore if this network
can do more than money and do other
things then great what we should embrace
that yeah I I think
um you got a look I try to look out 30
years and when I look out 30 years I I
think well there there's going to be
hundreds of thousands of corporations
that are going to build something on top
of Bitcoin and there's going to be
endless generations and evolutions of of
layer 2 protocols there'll be lightning
the next version of lightning there may
be a competitor to lightning called
thunder right there'll be all sorts of
open protocols will be a market uh
debate over that there's going to
be there's going to be lots of people
using Bitcoin in lots of different
ways
um and my view on this entire debate is
a I'm an Austrian Economist so if all
value is
subjective and uh and the world the
marketplace is continually generating
ideas faster than we can conceive them
then we should just let the free market
function and it's going to generate all
sorts of ideas and 99% of them are going
to
fail and so there's a 99% probability
that that some new idea that someone
came up with is not a good one and is
going to fail but if you're an Austrian
Economist and you believe in Freedom you
know yeah you you can be free to not
invest in that business idea but you
should just let all the businesses get
launched and wait and see what happens
um Bitcoin I think of Bitcoin is
scarcity and I think of I I think of um
types of scarcity first order scarcity
is 21 million Bitcoin there will never
be more than that there'll be lots of
people that will buy Bitcoin that you
will not agree with and there will be
lots of uses Bitcoin you will not agree
with and there'll be governments that
love it you will not agree with it and
they call it money for enemies right so
I don't crit ize whoever for buying the
Bitcoin there were people that critic
that didn't want micro strategy to buy
Bitcoin you know you remember that's bad
for Bitcoin well I mean the truth of the
matter is 30 40 years from now if
bitcoin's the solution to everything
everybody owns Bitcoin so it's just a
question of the order so but the the the
critical thing is don't increase the
number of Bitcoin yeah 21 million is the
critical thing the second order scarcity
is the bandwidth of the the transaction
bandwidth the block size
you know and you know right now post
segt we're at the four megabyte blocks
and I you know the purist would say we
probably should have stuck with one
megab megabyte but I wasn't here then
and maybe I wouldn't have been that
smart then maybe I wouldn't have been a
purist maybe i' had to go through it to
think it but it is what it is right and
and to I I don't think the exact number
matters whether it's one two or
four I think what's CR critical is that
it not
change you know when you're um you
remember we talked about plasticity
neuroplasticity and you know when you're
young and your youth you can take a lot
of knocks and you will recover uh you
get more fragile as you get older and so
Bitcoin in its youth went through a a
few distortions not nearly so many as
the other cryptos which is why it's
Bitcoin and why it succeeded but there's
a point when you fill your n and you
just can't you can't radically change
anymore without killing yourself and and
so the the commonly understood reason
for why you don't want to change the
block size is we don't want to
centralize a network we want to keep
nodes that you can run but but it's not
actually in my opinion it's not the best
argument right I mean the truth is you
could probably make an argument that an
8 megabyte block space will also be
decentralized or not now we're in this
little debate over the cost of um of
storage versus the rate at which the
Bitcoin blockchain
increments uh and
um the better debate is don't change it
because it's unethical to change
it okay don't change it because it's
evil it's unethical that's why you don't
do it why because every time you change
the block space you defraud or or you
deprive the Bitcoin miners of Revenue so
if you actually keep doubling the blocks
uh size you keep driving transaction
fees down and so you're meddling in the
economics of someone that in good faith
invested in Bitcoin if I
invested all of my life savings in
Bitcoin mining on the assumption that
the blocks would remain constant and the
Bitcoin would remain constant and then
some developer came up with a really
good reason why we ought to you know
increase the get Bitcoin give some of it
to the developers and then triple the
block size so the transaction fees at
binance won't be as
expensive I would be furious right but
more than Furious right yeah you have
stolen their property in the same way
that the Nazis stole the Jews property
you've stolen it in the same way that
everyth itarian has stolen property for
the past 10,000 years right the the
history of humanity is full of powerful
people that change the rules so that
they can steal your land so they can
claim it via emminent domain so they can
tax it away they you know they pass a
law making it illegal for you to bake
bread it's illegal for you to ship it's
illegal to cross the River from New
Jersey to New
York it's these are all just different
unfair rules so so um changing the
transaction bandwidth
fundamentally is is an unprincipled
decision because you deprive people in
the ecosystem of their property
rights and and it's to the benefit of
someone to the detriment of someone else
and you basically you basically uh
retroactively you know change the rules
right 100% right in that I understand
changing the 21
million uh that is essentially theft in
that you are
debating the Bitcoin for everyone else
but I've you for a long time we've been
doing this I've heard many people say
look there may come a time in the future
we we will need to increase the block
size because Bitcoin is so popular it's
become prohibitively cost doubling the
block size is theft
too cut cutting doing anything to
interfere with the with with the
scarcity of the fir the first derivative
of scarcity is transaction
bandwidth right so so obviously if you
if you doubl the amount of Bitcoin and
gave it all to yourself that's obvious
theft people can figure it out but if
you double the transaction bandwidth
such that you drive the transaction fees
from 25 billion a year to 25 million a
year you've stolen hundreds of billions
of dollars from somebody right the the
actual free market in transactions is
sensitive to the bandwidth and so so
tinkering with it in or in an artificial
way and it is artificial when you change
the code mean means you are directly
depriving all of the miners of their
revenue assuming that transactions
remain
constant well in in any scenario
increasing the amount of bandwidth
drives down the transaction fees so so
but I guess the point I'm regardless of
what you assume right you can have any
assumption about transaction demand for
the next hundred years but if you double
or triple or whatever the bandwidth for
transactions you drive the fees down by
some substantial portion and that means
you probably take Bitcoin miners that
might be profitable make them
unprofitable and you take a lot of
businesses that would be in business and
you drive them out of business and of
course Mo most horrific is anyone that's
a anyone that's a theoretician looks at
it and says that was an attack on
bitcoin because you've corrupted the
protocol therefore I don't trust the
Network anymore which means the next
hundred trillion dollars doesn't go on
the network so so do you think so was
seg theft then the upgrade seg so the
upgrade to segwit where block space went
up from uh essentially 1 to four
megabytes The increased block space we
got it was is that a it was it was
ethical quander wasn't it yeah it was a
war and both s you know it was a war and
the way to justify it would be it was a
war and we thought this was the least
worse option because the other side was
going to do something worse but but I
don't you know I don't think they're are
good guys in a
war yeah like if you if you look all
around the world and study the history
of politics it seems like the winners
are just the least worst governments
there all bad there's no good it's like
Trump's answer the other day when they
tried to Corner him and made him choose
who he wanted to win the war and he
wouldn't pick and he said I just want it
to end but you know like the the the
slight change the truth is segwit
undermine transaction fees you know to a
certain degree I mean it's it changed
the it changed the contract with the
miners after the fact and then tap rot
changes it again and these are these are
very risky things because they change
all the economics and the economic
incentives and and and the densities and
you know you could argue they were they
were done either for expedient purposes
or for functionality and it's right it's
true right there's a lot more
functionality post tap rout and there's
a bit more there's a lot of
functionality that you couldn't
Implement without segt right right and a
lot of but yeah right the the
fundamental things we're staring at
right now like lightning and like
inscriptions you know benefited maybe
were essential you almost needed segwit
and tap rot to get there right yeah
so that's a very scary history right the
the 14-year history of Bitcoin is very
scary but we've arrived at this place
right now where it's pretty clear that
there's extraordinary functionality that
you can Implement your staring at it
with all you know all these inscriptions
and it's pretty clear that you can do
extraordinary things with
lightning and it it seems to me there's
no reason why you can't go from 500
billion to five trillion to 50
trillion and I'm not even sure we can't
go to 250 trillion based upon the
current functionality I
see when if the base layer can't do
something then the question is can the
layer two do it if the layer two can't
do it if you wanted to achieve it you
would have to do it with layer
three you can make an
argument right you can make an argument
that if segwit and tap rot had never
happened yeah you wouldn't be doing this
stuff in the layer two protocols but
layer 3es you the money might have been
harder and maybe the layer 3es would
have would have come along and people
like Apple and Google would have
embraced Bitcoin or would be embracing
Bitcoin or some other company or bank
would Embrace Bitcoin and they would
just fill the Gap you know there's
there's tradeoffs everywhere um so but
having said that just to be clear I'm
not going to second guess
history I would say war is
Hell Bitcoin was a very
unlikely creation it was very unlikely
to survive you know so many other
versions didn't survive when it got to
the blocksize wars it was a bitter Civil
War and there were probably Mis you
know what what would be the word
misunderstood decisions made on both
sides and there were probably some poor
there there was very poor logic in lots
of places or maybe logic that would be
easy to criticize
today but I I do think bitcoin's better
you know we have Bitcoin is better for
segt it's better for tap rot they are
stable if they had blown the network up
right then then I wouldn't be saying
that we wouldn't be here but now once
you've achieved a
miracle like you've started a nuclear
furnace or you've started a star right
you've you've achieved a miracle once
you've achieved the miracle don't look
the gift horse in the mouth right don't
let the fire go out and I think you have
to shift your view from like from from
uh being aggressive I I think they they
you know when there's Bitcoin cash and
there was a lot of other Forks they
thought that you know the main chain
might die I mean they literally were
fighting for the survival of Bitcoin I
don't think we're surviving we're
fighting for the survival of Bitcoin
with the next cool idea that comes along
in the year
2024 I do think right
now I think it's very important right
now that we have a stable Network that
people can build upon and I think that
stability means it needs to be stable
economically and that
means you got to cap the number of
Bitcoin but you got to cap the
bandwidth right because otherwise it's
not stable economically remember we
talked about adiabatic laps or you know
a hole in in in the
fuselage if you don't cap the bandwidth
then there won't be a healthy
transaction fee market and if there
isn't a healthy transaction fee market
then you're eventually going to see your
all your miners go bankrupt and go to
zero and then you open up this Pandora's
box of discussing putting in an
inflation Supply to feed you know to
support the miners and that's an awful
place to be so it needs to be
economically sound to be successful it
needs to be technically sound and you're
a lot more likely to be technically
sound if you stop changing things right
I if you if you live long enough you
start you find that most software
becomes a rubbe Goldberg device there's
too much code and every piece of code's
got more bugs and eventually you're
carrying so much technical debt you
can't maintain it and so we don't we
don't want it to be one iota more
complicated it needs to be and then it
needs to be ethically sound okay and and
the root cause of all unethical behavior
is someone that thinks that they can po
work the political process or weaponize
the political process in order to
distort economics to their benefit so
for example you know who's winning if um
if we censor
inscriptions well I mean binance would
be winning binance wouldn't actually
have to in uh install lightning they
wouldn't have to implement lightning
coinbase doesn't have to implement
lightning if you just artificially keep
all the transactions that are not pure
monetary transactions off the network so
the exchanges that don't Embrace
lightning are winning lightning is
losing
uh companies that Implement good
lightning implementations good Channels
with good
functionality they're winning from this
inscription brewhaha they would be
losing if people were doing a lot more
transactions cheaper on the base layer
companies that want to launch layer two
layer especially layer three apps that
move Bitcoin at the speed of light on
the layer three they're losing if people
people are using the layer
one and of course but but but those are
all second order changes but you because
every everything you do it affects
there's a positive there's a negative
someone's winning someone's losing
people that don't uh that don't offer
lightning in
general are are going to suffer if the
transactions go up but let's talk about
miners miners are the line of First
Defense for Bitcoin and lot of people
don't understand just how profound and
important they are um one thing they do
is they throw up a 350 EX aash wall and
that's pure they're digital power
centers and you're going to want as much
digital power as possible and you want
to stay ahead of Google and Amazon and
the and the worldwide compute power if
you're going to stay secure so we need
them to spend billions and billions of
dollars a year on
that this I mean the second thing that
they're doing in addition to just def in
that uh I mean they're creating a
censorship resistant messaging Network
because if the miners are are spread all
around the world and they're that
powerful then you can't physically stop
the transaction so so that's really
important but the second thing they're
doing is the miners are the ones that
are going to actually be lobbying the
politicians to not Outlaw Bitcoin in
every country so when a country comes
along and you know and they attack
Bitcoin the first thing they attack is
the minor
and the miners suffer like in Sweden
when the when there's a massive tax on
electricity or if this White House
proposal comes comes to see any support
at all the miners are the first ones to
suffer the the miners will all go
bankrupt a
decade 10 to 30 years before the network
dies before Bitcoin dies but think of
the miners as your skin if i fay it off
you right you won't be immediately dead
but but death will follow and so you
need the miners to be healthy for for a
bunch of reasons they're they're your
political Defender they're your physical
thermodynamic defender or computational
Defender um they're also the financial
defender of the network because if you
look at one of the reasons why Bitcoin
is more secure and and more uh
successful than every other crypto it's
there's like 20 or more publicly traded
companies that are Bitcoin miners
so the the miners actually went and they
raised billions and billions of dollars
of capital and then they took themselves
public and you see the riots and the
marathons and the Hut eights of the
world and the irises of the world those
corporate operators are are then the
ambassadors of the Bitcoin Community to
Wall Street to the investment
Banks every one of those companies has
General
counsels they can all afford PR people
people they can afford lobbyists they
create jobs you know they're when when a
when a a crypto promoter or a Guerilla
marketer for a crypto proof of stake
Network when they actually funnel
millions of dollars to a politician kind
of like what Sam bankman free did when
he dumped the hundreds of millions of
dollars on the politicians when they
funnel the money and then they whisper
in their ear that Bitcoin is not
environmentally friendly and they should
be
banned it's going to be the Bitcoin
miners that are going to be on the front
line fighting that battle and they're
going to be fighting that battle against
everybody who comes up with a with a too
good to be true proof of stake yoyo coin
that is going to print the coin sell the
coin buy a bunch of politicians buy a
bunch of lawyers buy a bunch of
marketers and they're going to spread
all the the anti- Bitcoin fud
so if you don't have the minors you
don't have physical presence in the real
world and that
means you're spinning off in the
metaverse you become virtual only but
you also don't have political presence
you're you're losing your political
presence you're you're losing your
physical
presence you know
and that's you're and you're you're
losing your legal presence it's so
so the biggest problem with with either
changing the block size or censoring the
transactions is you're depriving the
miners of a revenue stream and Satoshi
gave us this block reward as a subsidy
to bootstrap to network but by the year
2035 it's 99% done you've got 1% in the
next 100 years and and of that 1% in the
next 100 years you've got 90% of that
coming in the next years or something
Kevin do you remember the um who's that
Australian comedian the G
debate um I know he mean by car memb
yeah and he talks about the security
guard Kevin who's paid minimum wage and
he's your security guard like if you
want the best security in the world you
want to pay your security guards you
know you got to have top level security
you know if you have security you want
top security anyone who's a bitcoiner
has to think about themselves who want
top security you're basically talking
about the security of the network the
first line of defense and then we've got
to ensure they're
paid yeah if we weaken them we weaken
Bitcoin and if you if you look at it
from an Austrian point of view you got a
city the city's got 10 square miles in
it you're the mayor are you going to
pass law after law telling people what
kind of things they can do on their land
in your city I don't I I don't like
bookstores I do like Li liaries I don't
like bakeries I do like restaurants but
not restaurants that serve cake but
restaurants that serve healthy food def
finded by me pretty soon you've got
you've got someone
dictating who can do what in the city
that's very
puritanical and it's Central planning
and the result is generally the city
fails like any intelligent person leaves
the city because there's an
authoritarian telling them what they can
and can't do in city limits and so
that's if you look at this in the
context of Bitcoin if you started
telling people who can own Bitcoin and
who's not allowed to own Bitcoin that's
first order censorship when you tell
people what kind of transactions they
can do on the network that's second
order
censorship when you start dictating
who's allowed to mine Bitcoin that's
third order
censorship and you know the austrians
would just say leave it all well enough
alone you're you're right you know
probably that person such and such sets
up a garbage business business selling
unhealthy food but then maybe they make
enough money to invest in a research you
know a research effort to discovers
penicillin you know like how do you who
are you to judge like where will the
money find itself and there's the
world's full of people entrepreneurs
that started a business they failed the
first time they changed it they it
became a second thing they Chang it
again and the third time around it's
actually pretty
useful and the only way you can invent
things is you got to have the freedom to
fail 99.9% of the mobile apps all fail
99% of all the ventures all fail I mean
businesses fail all the time that's why
like when we come to this issue of you
know ordinals inscriptions
nfts like I would never endorse any of
it right like I'm not going to endorse
an nft I'm not going to endorse a system
for creating nfts I'm not going to even
endorse the use case I'm just not going
to censor someone's ability to do it I'm
not going to tell them I'm not going to
deprive them of their freedom because
depriving of their them of their freedom
is is you know an ethical lapse I
believe it's it's a it's a problem but
also maybe someone will come up with
something to inscribe that will be
profoundly beneficial to the world and
how are we going to find out unless we
give people the freedom to do it let the
market decide yeah let let the market
decide I mean that's that's just
Austrian economics stop meddling if
we're all here in Bitcoin because we
believed yeah that politicians shouldn't
meddle and so I don't think we should
meddle in this I I I don't think you
can you can't uh you can't deprive
people the ability to experiment what
you can do is protect the
protocol I I I think by the way the
transactions are gonna get much more
expensive Peter like like like this this
entire debate it it misses the who cares
whether it's a dollar or $10 or $25 I
mean let's take the big picture look out
30
years if you're looking to save your
wealth if you had $10 million and you
had a choice to buy a $10 million
painting pedigree painting to buy a $10
million apartment in New
York or to buy $10 million of Bitcoin
what would you buy
most people would buy Bitcoin
right most bitcoiners would buy Bitcoin
most people on this podcast Bitcoin
Bitcoin as well I'm just saying it's
like the people outside haven't figured
that out yet yeah so it's a
million-dollar transaction fee to buy
the
art and it's $600,000 transaction fee to
buy the apartment not including taxes so
probably the transaction fee for both
both of those first two trades is a
million dollars it could be $2 million
for the art you're talking about a 10%
commiss
6% commission is basically the status
quo for all residential real estate in
the world and if you can get down to
five or four you're genius right so the
question is will people one day pay
$600,000 to buy a Bitcoin worth 10
million I think
yes would you of course you would if you
believed in Bitcoin and your choice was
you pay A500 $600,000 fee to buy a piece
of residential real estate that's got a
2 % annual property tax on it and it's
in a high rise and someone's going to
put another one up next to it or you
could buy the Bitcoin you would say okay
well I guess I'll just buy the Bitcoin
the transaction fee whether it's a
dollar $10 $100 $1,000 $10,000 $100,000
or a million
dollars that's just a matter of time and
so I I think if you look at all all ways
that people store value the all the
networks have transaction fees the
transaction fees are quite High the
transaction fees to own $10 million of
of an
ETF would be $900,000 over 10
years almost I mean 90 basis points for
a year for 10 years that's where you get
to so so high transaction fees are on a
final settlement are actually much
higher in everything else in the world
they they've just been obscenely low on
the Bitcoin Network and for someone that
wants to move
$25 then yeah you care whether it's $1
or $25 but the truth is even $1 is too
much to move
$25 you should be using something like
the lightning Network or you should be
using cash app and going cashtag to cash
tag or you should find some more
efficient way to do
it um we want the transaction fees to go
up because we want want this to ensure
the security of the
network but it is but but it's fair and
ethical because the truth is no one's
got a gun to their head and they're not
they're not forced to use Bitcoin to do
consumer transactions right everyone
that complains about it C could have
downloaded a lightning wallet anytime
they want right you can you have the
freedom to download any of 20 lightning
wallets and you can anytime you want
when the B when the Bitcoin network is
slow you can move some money into the
wallet you know put decide to you know
move your money from your savings
account to your checking account and um
and then once it's in the lightning
wallet you move it around in essence
friction free cheap and
so the all the all this does is just
catalyzes new applications on Layer Two
and layer three and that's healthy
because there's going there needs to be
um an explosion of those
applications and we need to have um we
need to have these Bitcoin miners are
like a network of fortresses you need a
network of Bitcoin miners everywhere in
the world because the minor in
kazakhstan's fighting for Bitcoin in
Kazakhstan yeah and the minor in China
is fighting for Bitcoin in China and the
minor in Europe is fighting for Bitcoin
in Europe or Sweden or Iceland or
Ireland right and I could go on at
infinitum when when ethereum went to the
merge they unilaterally
disarmed
deenergized but it's kind of like it's
kind of like scuttling your entire Navy
right or or or basically throwing away
your Air Force okay and it got cheaper
right they're like oh yeah it's so much
cheaper now we got rid of our army our
Navy and our Air Force it's so much
cheaper and so what are you going to do
with the dod budget well we're just
going to give it to
ourselves it's kind of yeah what they
did it's like we're just going to give
it to ourself and we're going to
eliminate the defense and the security
system of the network and it and the
problem is twofold right the first
problem is the ethical problem you
basically stole the property you stole
you stole somewhere in the range of 10
billion to 40 billion dollar worth of
property from bit from eth miners right
whatever the numbers a lot they just
stole it right and they just gave it
tosel and so there's an ethical problem
there and then there's a systemic
problem which is there's never going to
be an eth Miner that goes
public and if you knew enough about
Securities Law you would know that eth
validators are securities and and
they're unregistered Securities and
that's the entire debate that the SEC
has right now on staking and the like if
you create your own Staker your you've
created a financial services company
that's hyper complicated and there's no
there's no real precedent for it so I
don't I don't think it was wise for a
number of
reasons I think we're lucky right now I
would summarize we're lucky we're
through segwit we're through tap rout
right it was a war bad things were done
by everybody in the war some stuff do
you
regret now we're here the issue is do
you have to do it again right have we
grown up and I think the Bitcoin at this
point has grown up and now you just let
these people launch all these these
things right you know if it wasn't for
inscriptions I wouldn't have told my own
executive team I want you to focus on
developing Enterprise security
applications that leverage the Bitcoin
blockchain based
layer right so I'm diverting corporate
uh development effort and money and
energy to create M multiactor
authentication and multi- signature
capabilities and maybe maybe we'll
inscribe contracts maybe we'll in we'll
hash some of our documents maybe we'll
create some other security update that
we can use and give that to millions or
hundreds of millions of corporate
accounts
but you know I had the idea from you
know it's like they're doing it I I
don't really care for a monkey jpeg I'm
not going to burn that but you know what
is something valuable I might burn and
the example I gave it's like my will
when I burn my will and if I if I don't
want to burn my entire I could burn my
entire will or I could just hash
it I could burn that I could I could
basically inscribe the hash key of my
will store it away because you know
right right what right now my will is
sitting somewhere on
paper and anybody with an iPhone could
just go and photograph the thing change
a few words right yeah we should do that
man counterfeit it yeah well no oh
change change change Michaels
uh just a just to change track what what
has this last two years been like for
you oh even or even a different question
to add into that is that um people say
Bitcoin changes them like has it changed
do you think you've changed during this
two years has it had a profound impact I
mean look there's been lots of ups and
downs well big ups and downs for you
it's I think I think
um it's made me even more focused yeah
like stress uh stress like uh volatility
you know impacts different people
differently you know some people that
were part of the Bitcoin Community you
know when it was going really well you
know and when we entered that bare
Market they kind of distanced
themsel and and the impact of that on
them was they should
diversify right so some people's lesson
they take away from it is I got to
diversify or distance myself the lesson
I took away from this is this is not
going to be easy we're going to have to
redouble our efforts and focus even
harder you thought you could do this and
maybe do one one more thing or two more
things and you realize no you just need
to keep focused keep laser like on this
thing this is
um this is uh going to be an intense
struggle what's the biggest part of the
struggle is it the eyeballs on you or
the criticism or is it just managing the
the up and downs of the the value
I think probably
um the most challenging thing for me in
my current condition or position is is
uh just
managing the uh mood of the rest of the
market like all the media the investors
right like it's if you've in invest
enough time like you have and you have
in Bitcoin then the price fluctuations
or you know or the routine fud doesn't
really affect your world viiew right
yeah but if you haven't spent that much
time and Bitcoin trades down $5,000 and
someone contemporaneously releases some
fud oh oh the US government's going to
sell some Bitcoin you know I would think
well it doesn't matter one way or the
other if it's true or not true you know
and and it's irrelevant but but the
volatility the the volatility creates a
news event and when the price is going
up people have to come up with a
narrative explanation for why it's going
up and so that's good there'll be just a
hundred really good stories when the
price going up and when price is going
down there will be a hundred bad stories
or negative stories that have to be
invented you have to come up with
there's something I am deep in human
consciousness that drives people to want
to explain
reason for it has to be a reason so
there'll be all this all this negativity
and then someone's gonna say okay I
heard about this is this good for
Bitcoin what what happens next are we
okay are we okay so I have to I just
have to communicate a lot if if Bitcoin
was just plus 20% a year actually
Bitcoin has been here's the irony Peter
since we actually got in uh to the bit
Bitcoin um investment bit coin is the
best performing asset in the world by
far it's up 140% or more it's more than
10x NASDAQ it's more than 6X or
something S&P it's 100x gold it's it's
destroying
everything you can look back and see
this it's kind of clocking up about 40
to 50% a year steadily so you wouldn't
think that would be a problem but it is
it is emotionally torturous for
investors that uh that aren't really
um extremely well educated bitcoiners to
handle that
volatility so you have to continually
explain it we have to we explain it to
the media we have to explain it uh and
and talk to public investors we have to
we have to always you deal with the
Twitter trolls right people that that
want to come up with some negative
cynical interpret
in order to drive engagement well they
want you to fail they want it to have
been wrong there were people who want
that yeah it seems we have that yeah
yeah we have
that but the thing is it yeah another
cycle you know you can be very right and
it's a whole different ball game for you
then um but I think even even yourself
when Bitcoin started to hit about 15
16,000 it must have been like [ __ ] we
were here now we're here yeah writing it
from 66,000 to 15,000 is is a little
painful especially lever especially with
the silvergate loan yeah I mean look
we're on the same ride here there's just
a lot more zeros on that but like but
I'm really curious about that silvergate
loan because um can you explain like how
that deal was structured when it took
place and how you actually ended up sort
of closing it because with I don't
understand how that worked with them
having to basically close down the bank
yeah well we went entered into the
loan before Tera Luna melted out so so
if you recall what the state of Bitcoin
was in the crypto economy before teruna
before three eras before every single
bankruptcy life was good I mean
generally you know it was halfway to the
Moon Yeah and everybody was everybody
was in massive investment mode and I
guess crypto VC was all-time high and
signature and silvergate had massive
expansion plans
Etc you know and I I had like 10
companies offering me loans against
Bitcoin and we had you know quite a lot
I don't know I guess I guess we had
something like $4 billion dollar of
uncollateralized of just free collateral
so $4 billion of assets so at that point
we were borrowing $200 million with $4
billion
so it's like a loan to value 5% yeah so
so it's it seemed fairly reasonable at
that time I think Bitcoin was in the mid
40s or in that range 4550 yeah and then
um and then what just happened was a
succession of meltdowns
right you know and and they started with
teral Luna and then it's like massive
deleveraging and it turned out that
everybody was basically cross trading
with everybody right I mean Alam and
three Aras and Genesis and FTX and the
entire thing just started to collapse
but it didn't come all at once right it
came in about five succession plot to so
five brutal beatdowns one two three four
five and when we got to um when we got
to New Year's Eve of this year right
that's you know fees on the base chain
were sometime one two vat you know they
were like there were there were blocks
with $300 transaction fees in the entire
block right and um I think Bitcoin was
like
16,500 around New Year's Eve
so at that point
um all all of the Wildcat crypto Banks
had all been wiped out right but they
you know they were just all playing fast
and loose right taking hundreds of
millions of dollars of your you know
depositors money and then loaning it to
another hedge fund that would then put
it into you know anchor protocol with us
or something and like they were there
were like seven layers of risk
rehypothecation there and so they got
wiped out but uh you know signature and
silvergate were still around and and we
didn't really have the banking crisis
outside the you know the crypto
ecosystem you know
but so and by the way that that entire
thing right that was catalyzed by the
FED right the FED took interest rates
from zero basis points to 500 basis
points in 12 months so that's the
steepest incline in the risk-free
overnight rate that we've seen in our
lifetimes so they kind of crushed a
bunch of stuff and the first the crypto
ecosystem smashed first with uh with
silvergate what happened really was Ju
Just like with all the other fractional
Reserve Banks they're sitting on longdd
treasuries or long dat or midd fixed
income instruments and anything that you
bought any bond fixed income bond you
bought with a duration of 7 to 30 years
when short-term rates were zero all
those things are yielding one and a half
two two and a half three% interest so so
they looked better than nothing but when
overnight rates are 500 basis points
risk free and you're sitting stuck with
credit risk and you're stuck with
interest rate risk for 10 15 15 years
they all trade down I think that the
entire Bond portfolio the bond index b n
traded down 18% from August of 2020 uh
to like last week so all the bonds
traded down and so if you look at the
the bonds for the banks they're all
trading down 10 15% so all technically
insolvent because if you're a fractional
Reserve with a 10 to1 ratio and your
bonds trade down 10% right you've wiped
you've wiped out everything so that
that's that's an oops courtesy of
Central Banking Regulators right like
what you know how how's that not going
to happen um so silvergate I think you
know suffered
from
two two unfortunate incidences or two
situations one they had a lot of money
invested in in midd uh fixed income
instruments that traded down that's the
first but that didn't kill them I think
what killed them is is their credit
line uh with with um the federal home
loan
Association was was not
renewed so so they got a margin call
from the government and I I think you
know the the crypto-friendly banks have
not been treated as
generously as other Diversified plain
vanilla Banks right so we saw with
signature a similar situation so having
said all that I think silvergate was
really well-run bank is a well-run bank
and the fact that they didn't actually
default they didn't go in solvent they
weren't put into receivership and they
didn't uh they didn't lose their
depositor money right and so every you
know all these other Banks they all
actually had to be bailed out silvergate
didn't get a bail out the problem was
silvergate is they just didn't have the
capital so they had to wind down the
business I like Allen as well I think
Allen's a great guy Allan stand up yeah
he's he's done an extraordinary job yeah
like he he's actually I think if you're
looking for a role model like for how to
be a banker he he is a role model have
you met ironic he's great I really like
I've been down to that in San Diego a
couple of times just top guy yeah so I I
feel badly about that but they needed to
basically sell off all their assets and
they need to do it in a hurry so we had
a three-year loan so our loan was not
due until until I guess March of
2025 so we would prefer not to pay it
off obviously we would like to keep it
because I expect that Bitcoin will be
trading it double or triple by then so
from our point of view paying it off
early wasn't ideal that's why it was a
three-year loan but you know the the
business decision I mean they were
selling silvergate was selling their
assets at a discount like they basically
liquidating them uh before they're due
and taking a a haircut to do it so in
this case the business decision
was do we hold out and that might very
well contribute to silvergate being in
receiver ship and not being able to wind
down their BS so that's not really good
for them right we could be recal but
then who's going to take over the bank
and then what's that situation going to
be or do we try to pay it off early and
uh so I mean the accommodation was we
paid it off early not ideal for us but
we got a 22% discount against the the
fixed loan and the loan was you know the
world turned upside down the loan was so
for plus
30 70 basis points or something so that
was a
3.75% loan a year
go but then Sofer went to 500 basis
points so it went from being a 3% loan
to being an 8 and a half per interest
rate in 12 months so the rest of our
debt is one and a half% interest so this
became the most expensive piece of debt
we had and it was actually onethird of
our interest payments a year we're you
know we've we've got a really nice situ
like one and a half% interest on $2.2
billion of debt we're paying $30 million
a year of interest on everything else
but we were looking at paying $15
million or $16 million a year of
interest just on this one
stub so from our point of view we
thought it's expensive debt it's
floating who knows where silver is going
it's it was it's also it didn't start
out being a problem but it was it was
the least popular piece of debt we had
you remember the entire yeah micro
strategy liquidation yeah you know
Twitter party where everyone was just
GLE Yul you know having a liquidation
they're hoping that was it 3K the number
well first they were like we think
they'll get liquidated to 20,000 like no
it's less and eventually eventually I
had to put out a tweet saying look I
mean when Bitcoin goes to
3,500 we've still got the Bitcoin and if
it goes below that we'll figure out
something else right yeah um but you
know the Twitter people are just very
unhappy that we weren't getting
liquidated at least the trolls twit
trolls they very they all got liquidated
so they weren't us this not fair they're
like the Bull Run can't start till
sailor gets liquidated yeah so it was it
turned out having that debt that was
marked that was against collateral Mark
to Market was politically you know a
public relations liability for us right
and and uh it was just one if you're a
public company you know it's just one
complication we didn't need so for us to
basically pay off the loan we kind of
got a triple benefit we we got rid of a
a third of our interest payments a year
and we blew away an obscenely expensive
loan we you know if you if you calculate
the irr on that if you're basically
buying out the loan at a 22% discount
you know you're avoiding $50 million of
principal payments and you're avoiding
another $35 million of Interest payment
so you're avoiding $85 million on $200
million so you you know it's it's like a
30% irr or something trade yeah so it's
it's it's a no-brainer yeah that you
would want to do that if you had that
option uh so it was uh we took out
expensive debt we kind of simplified the
balance sheet we we uh freed up we we
had a I mean nearly a billion dollars of
Bitcoin posted as collateral against to
at one point so you're freeing up a
billion dollars of collateral you know
paying off a loan getting rid of the
interest and now you're simplifying the
capital structure and now the the next
piece of debt coming due is December of
2025 and it's got It's convertible to
equity okay at like an a 390 strike or
something like that so so uh a much less
let's say sometimes in public
companies you don't want your trolls to
be able to generate at or spin a
negative hypothetical yeah right like if
you don't to Spook people yeah the short
sellers if they can come up with a
scenario under Rich under which things
get scary then they are incentivized to
Market that scenario so by taking uh by
paying this loan off it was it was a
benefit to silvergate because they're
basically unwinding you know winding
down the company right so they have to
get the loan off their books and it's a
benefit to us because we clean up our
balance sheet and it was
economically you know
economically a a win for the
shareholders amazing well listen I know
we taking up a lot of your time we could
have gone for hours and hours and hours
more um this is brilliant uh thank you
so much for coming in it's totally
different interview I didn't even look
at this I told you that uh thank you for
uh sharing your wisdom with my boy there
and uh we're going to see you a few
times this week anyway h
looking forward to it thanks for having
me as always as always and I I should
say for the record I'm a big fan I
listen to a lot of your podcasts and and
like a lot of times I'll scoop through
and I say you know which of the Peter
McCormack interviews this week do I want
to listen into and uh I I gotta say it's
exhausting for me to scroll through all
your interviews to try to figure out
which ones to listen to so I'm very
impressed with your work ethic like
you've created a lot a lot of really
high quality educational content it
takes a lot of energy so I don't know
where you guys get it but I think it's a
great asset to the community thank you
was a big I mean six of us work on it
now so did you watch the film have you
watched the mining film that's worth
watch it's on my tray things I'm working
through that right now and do you know
what these are behind me tell me you
know I bought a football team oh yeah
yeah there there are trophies this
season we won the double I think I had
maybe I'd heard that yeah listen thank
you so much you know we'll be pesing you
again in a few months to talk to you
again but thank you and just keep doing
your thing um really really love this
yeah