The Rise of Man through The Stone and Iron Ages | The Saylor Series | Episode 1 (WiM001)
WiM Media · 2020-11-22 · 2h 15m · View on YouTube →
technologies that are dominating
today they're dominating because they're
able
to deliver
Force faster harder stronger
smarter so if we ask the question what
is money money is the highest form of
energy that human beings can Channel
Bitcoin is channeling human
Ingenuity into making it
better and and every commodity is
channeling human energy into making it
worse the low brow or or the the the
historic colloquial term is hotal right
hold on for dear life or just hold or
save whatever and the highbrow term
would be adopt as a treasure Reserve
asset hey everyone welcome to episode
one of the what is money show I'm your
host Robert
Breedlove uh and our purpose in this
show in general is the pursuit of
Truth uh we're going to explore many
topics in depth and many of them will
take us down the proverbial Bitcoin
Point Rabbit Hole by pursuing what I
call is the rabbit and the rabbit is
that question that all important
question what is money and this question
is a seemingly inexhaustible generator
of answers uh that have continuously
reshaped my perspectives on the world um
and I I think they will for you as well
and our first episode is part of a long
series with Michael sailor who's the CEO
of micro
strategy uh Michael is the latest and
arguably the greatest proponent of
Bitcoin and uh an ally for the space and
its battle for truth and freedom in the
world and Michael is uh as I said he's
he's the leader of micro strategy micro
strategy is a NASDAQ listed business
intelligence firm so Michael has very
deep experience in the fields of
Technology uh Network
architecture um things like this and in
fact uh he was actually educated in the
domain of scientific Paradigm shifts and
uh the impact of technology on
civilization and 10 years ago Michael
actually wrote a book called The Mobile
wave that uh depicted many of the
impacts that he saw um say Fang stocks
would have on the world so Facebook
Apple Amazon uh Netflix Google he had
laid out a case an investment case
largely for these these companies um and
their their dominance in in the global
Marketplace and clearly over the past 10
years as we we sit now in 2020 those
stocks have been uh standout performers
and have become in many ways uh the new
dominant monopolies in the world today
so Michael has a very deep understanding
of these these topics that I think
actually predisposed him to gaining a
rapid understanding of Bitcoin uh and as
you'll see uh or as you may have heard
in other interviews he really entered
the Bitcoin space in 2020 and got uh
very deep into the rabbit hole very
quickly in the wake of the the co Global
lockdown situation so uh Michael's a
very intelligent guy very high energy
very hardworking um and I think his
acceleration into the Bitcoin Rabbit
Hole also demonstrates that a lot of
this Trail has been blazed before him so
we've a lot of Bitcoin maximalists have
laid the foundation for others to gain a
more rapid and clear understanding of
the impact of
Bitcoin uh and in the wake of that as
you all probably know but you may have
not heard uh Michael's firm micro
strategy actually named Bitcoin as its
primary treasury Reserve asset uh they
initially invested $425 million into
Bitcoin and then Michael personally uh
publicly disclosed it he holds about
17,000 Bitcoin himself so uh he's got a
lot of skin in the game to say the least
and um I think you'll see why as we go
through some of
this uh so in this what we're calling
the Sailor series uh we're going to
start from the first principles of
energy of anthropology of technology and
really build a solid foundation for
gaining a deep understanding of
bitcoin's potential impact on the
world um and Michael and I to craft this
this series we iterated on a discussion
framework and we finally arrived at his
overarching thesis uh which is kind
enough to lay out in a very uh
sophisticated form and he goes very deep
on the topics we've laid out here um
which starts kind of very early like
Stone Age and we build all the way into
modernity so this is a long uh long
narrative Arc but super fascinating very
interesting stuff and clearly it takes
us some time to build up to bitcoin but
the the journey itself it's purposeful
and it's well worth it um so we've
divided the content itself into
timestamped chapters and sub chapters uh
we' We've chopped it into a bunch of
episodes each episode is comprised of
chapters and then two those chapters
there are sub chapters uh we'll have
time stamps available both in the video
bar and in the description to the video
and the early episodes will include a
lot of Michael talking so a lot of
uh him kind of speaking solo about his
his uh Bedrock thesis on on energy and
anthropology and Technology things like
this and then as we build into modernity
into Bitcoin it will become much more of
a dialogue and conversation as we go
back and forth uh about Bitcoin and
things of that nature so I realize this
is really long form content but I assure
you and promise you you're going to find
it deeply meaningful uh I myself
found I the feeling of chills at times
you know there were various epiphanies I
had going through this which I'll
articulate in some of the outros to the
episodes um but it's just this is
dynamite content and I think it's a
great um view into the mind of Michael
sailor um and it's very it makes a very
powerful case uh for Bitcoin and and how
much is going to to reshape the world so
I I promise you that you'll find You
know despite the time it may take you
you're going to find this extremely
intellectually satisfying perhaps even
philosophically satisfying uh we go
really deep on a lot of topics so hope
you hope you enjoy it and you know I
firmly believe the insights that come
out of this will actually reshape your
worldview so if this is the kind of
content you're interested in and you're
really interested at at going deep and
getting to Truth uh I think you're in
the right place today so with that uh
let's jump into episode one of the
Sailor series here on the what is money
show Michael sailor thank you for
joining me well happy to be here Robert
thanks for inviting me so for a man that
runs a company named micro strategy you
may have just executed the most
brilliant macroeconomic strategy there
has ever
been how does it
feel uh it's been a busy uh a busy
quarter I would
say really busy there's been a a year
you know January 1 of this year the year
started out one way and then uh it
became something all together different
in
March and uh it became something all
together different Again by
June and uh now we're in
September and I you know I look back on
it and
certainly there's a lot of things I
didn't expect
and I joke with people you know if I
gotten what I
wanted I wouldn't have gotten what I
needed I wouldn't have been nearly as
successful if at any point in time I got
what I wanted I'm sure this is not what
I wanted when I started the year and for
a while I thought it wasn't it wasn't
terribly a good thing but now as we move
toward the end of the year you know I I
see the silver lining here and I'm glad
these things happened which is uh which
is
fascinating yeah so it sounds like the
world in a lot of ways got a wakeup call
this year right on a lot of different
levels and um for you particularly it
was the the melting ice you were sitting
on that maybe started to melt a little
bit
faster yeah you know there's there's two
there's two quotes from Lenin's
era there's a
try's quote you may not be interested in
war but war is interested in
you and this year we we launched one war
on covid and another war on currency and
so we were caught up in kind of two Wars
in two dimensions and then there's
Lenin's quote you know there are decades
when nothing happens and there are weeks
when decades happen right and this was
that year in both of those ways
and uh I'm grateful that that our
company is an Enterprise software
company we our value proposition is we
ship software to large Enterprises to
help them think better and the value
proposition is intact if not even uh
even uh improved by all of the changes
this year and our our cost structure and
our operational systems the way we
operate we we uh dramatically impacted
and we had to adjust but I I would say
this was the year that digital
transformation went from being a
bromide or um or
diance to being something that you you
really had to internalize this was the
year that digital trans transformation
really did transform you you know the
core of your being it I mean it
transformed my ideas about money it
transformed my ideas about sales
marketing and services it transformed my
ideas about what product offering we
should deliver to the market it
transformed my ideas about the
marketplace and the future in general
and it's been thrown around as a
buzzword for a decade maybe for two or
three decades but this is the year when
you kind of got it viscerally in your
bones you had been bragging your feet
the least
amount yeah I think it's a great great
points there and as if the world wasn't
changing quickly enough right as we
progressed further into this digital age
it's as if Co was just a massive
accelerant on the entire
process um so not only are things you
know transforming much more quickly now
moving to digital much more quickly but
are likely to change even more quickly
expon potentially so into the future so
you know with that the the theme of this
conversation today um is deep
conversations and I know you're a deep
thinker and I I've really appreciated
the media work you've been doing um and
the voice you've brought to the Bitcoin
community and I'd like to jump in as
kind of like first principles a look at
history and what got us to today what
got us to this digital age that's
changing so quickly and where do we see
it
going um and I I know you've thought
deeply about this and you know maybe we
could start just at the beginning so to
speak with with historic
technology
okay well the I mean the phrase that
runs through my head
is is
um there's never been such a thing as a
fair
fight humans have been struggling for
millions of years right
in order to rise uh first to become the
you know the apex predator in nature but
if you look at our struggle against
nature there's never such thing as a
fair fight I remember
seeing Eagles Fly along a a mountain
side it'll home in on a goat or and it
focuses on a baby goat not the not the
parent goat catches it from behind grabs
its foot and drags it off a cliff and
then backs off and waits while the goat
goes bang bang bang and hits rocks every
50 feet and is smashed to death 500 feet
below where the eagle circles down lands
on the goat eats it leisurely W yeah
nothing fair about it if you know you
feel sorry for the goat and then you
realize this is not a human being this
is nature it's not fair then you see
lions and it's not like one lion chases
down one gazelle
it's eight lions
chase 67 gazelle into a Channel with
three other Lions waiting and one
gazelle is forced to take the right side
because it gets crowded out by the other
16 gazelle and that one bam this dead
for no other reason other than it just
happened to be on the right side of the
her and there's nothing fair about it
you know Nature's not fair and when you
think about the plight of man the
amazing thing is we
actually evolved right to be to be the
Apex creature on this planet you know
because a single individual on their own
has almost no chance right like there's
's that scene in Jurassic
Park and there's the bully and he's just
as mean to the
little whatever the little dinosaur
creature like some kind of small Raptor
and it's like the size of a little dog
and he kind of kicks it around and he's
a bully and a SST and then there's a
point where he gets trapped in the park
and he's walking and he sees that little
creature and it nips it his legs and he
kicks it and then he turns around and he
sees it's got a friend and there's two
of them and he looks around again and
there's four of them and then they jump
on them and he knocks them off and then
there's 16 of
them and then there's this overarch and
then they all jump on him and he fights
them off and he gets up and he runs and
now there's 32 of them and then you you
know the the human being right the
modern the modern uh American that lives
in their world of shopping centers and
cars and air conditioned hous and locked
doors and 911 and policemen they can
call and a feeling of safety and they
look at nature through a
zoo right and they look through the bars
and that's nature or it's in paintings
and it's all just so romantic right they
don't have this view of
nature The View when there's 64 of those
things and the over the the horrifying
realization that that guy is sure is
dead he's dead man walking he's going to
die there's not a damn thing he can do
it doesn't matter if he has a bazooka it
doesn't matter if he has a machine gun
it doesn't matter he's going to at some
point in the next 48 hours he's going to
fall asleep and they're going to eat
him and that's the Human Condition so
when you think about that three million
years ago and your first question is how
do we even make it here it's pretty
obvious that in that circumstance if
you're alone you're dead you're going to
have to have someone to guard your back
right and and you know my heart goes out
to that you know the Adam and Eve right
who wherever they were you needed two
three four you needed a tribe you needed
someone to watch because when you fall
asleep something is going to eat you
watch a pack of wolves hunt the one that
kills you isn't attacking from the front
you're you're not going to get to fight
it off it's going to be an asymmetric
attack from the rear while you're asleep
and uh and so the importance of human
beings using their brains and thinking
is uh is incredibly important and you
start to figure out H how do we survive
in a hostile
Universe we we have to figure out how we
can get harder smarter
faster and
stronger and uh that's
that takes us to the to the beginning of
man so if I look back at Stone Age
Technology and you ask how how do we
even emerge uh from this you know
incredible terrifying
scrum and uh there's just key
Technologies uh that you you decide you
kind of like in a hurry right one of
them is
fire one of them is
missiles one of them is Hydraulics and
so there's a lot more we could talk
about but if we start with fire fire is
like the Prime energy network of the
human race it all started for us with
channeling energy and um when you start
a
fire uh and what fire is a chain
reaction right where we're releasing the
latent energy in matter we're converting
matter into energy right which is like
stored sunlight we're releasing right
stored yeah stored sunlight you're that
human being and you want to rise above
the Tigers and the packs of wolves and
the other creatures and the snakes and
the jungle how are you g to do that
you're going to have to tap into and
channel energy and that's why Prometheus
has such a incredible Mythic Place
Prometheus is to Satoshi right as fire
is the Bitcoin bitcoin's a fire it's a
fire in cyers space and most people
don't realize it but but it has its uh
it has its antecedence right and fire
came along first and when you think
about what it means and most people
don't they don't necessarily think very
hard about it you always had it
right if you're an individual what can
you do with fire well you can start by
by starting a fireus you don't freeze to
death that's pretty useful you know the
fire will scare away the animal so I
start the fire I can I can sleep around
it and I cannot freeze I can also put it
around my camp and then maybe something
that other like a snake that would have
slithered in and eaten me will go away I
can scare away insects and smoke away
insects with it that's useful I can hunt
with it I can start a fire and I can
drive the prey away from the fire you
know and if I'm smart I drive the prey
from the fire off Cliff I wait for them
to trip I go to the bottom of the cliff
I find one that broke its neck you ever
get in a fight with a horse or a fight
with hippopotamus or an elephant It's
Not Gon to end well this idea of heroic
hand-to-hand combat is a great idea in
the movies it's an awful idea in in
reality and if you went back a million
years you would find that that uh your
great great great great great whatever
grandparent thought you're pretty
freaking stupid to fight hand onand with
anything or
anyone so I hunt with it I cook with it
there's a you know there's a lot of
biologist that make and the Paleo
theorists that make a very compelling
argument that that human anatomy
actually evolve because we mastered fire
and when you're cooking something you're
pre-digestion it and if you predigest
something not only do you increase the
scope of the foods that you can consume
you also accelerate and and you increase
the efficiency with which you convert
that food into calories Maybe by a
factor of 10 to one or 20 to one and if
you can actually metabolize the food 10
times more efficiently your digestive
tract shortens and the energy that your
body expends in order to digest food can
be redirected
probably to your brain right animals
that don't cook food have small brains
animals that a human being can cook food
can can have a very short digestive
tract can eat anything we're an
omnivores we can go anywhere we can
metabolize calories that are very
efficient we can eat only takes us 10 or
15 minutes a day to get all the calories
we need there are animals have to graze
all day to get the C they
need so fire is is critical for that
it's critical for seeing right you you
you you Channel your fire and you can
light up a cave you can light up a camp
you can light up a tent you can line up
any area and with the seeing comes
communicating you ever travel through
the um the ancient world you see they
have all these watchtowers the Romans
built
watchtowers you put a fire in the tower
you can see it from Miles and Miles Away
you create a signal system a certain
presumptive arrogance or ignorance
amongst modern modern men we think that
kind of everything worth doing was done
in the past 2,000 years or 3,000 years I
kind of figure a 100 thousand years ago
people were doing all this stuff they we
might not have the writings of it but
but uh they were pretty
smart so I'm gonna use the fire for all
those things and eventually for
communicating but once I figure that out
I can use it for hardening right I can I
can cook things right I could I could
Harden the the tip of spear right I can
I can use it to work metals and
eventually we used it to work metals and
that ushered us into you know from the
Stone Age to the Bronze Age to the Iron
Age um you you know fire is intrinsic to
manufacturing processes all sorts of
manufacturing processes and of course I
give you a thousand acres of um of
forest Robert how you going to clear
it sounds like fire would be the easiest
way tractor and 100,000 BC fire you're
gonna burn it yeah yeah right so I mean
every you know everybody talks about or
I see these these discussions oh yeah
well paleo man they're all hunter
gatherers and they're just like walking
around chasing after things that are
running away from them I doubt it yeah
like like if I dropped you into 100,000
BC I don't think you would on solo chase
after a bunch of stuff with four legs I
think you would start by finding a you
know a canyon and start a fire on one
end and dig a trench on the other end
and let something a Mastadon trip on it
and break its neck it's sort of life's
way to take the most energy efficient
strategy right that's why the the eagle
would drop the goat off the cliff and
let gravity do its work right instead of
trying to fight it out um and it's it's
interesting that you you bring up fire
and it's it's almost as if we were using
it to energize our strategies in the
world right and uh I think as you put it
earlier um channeling it channeling
energy through our intellect and I think
the one piece that maybe we didn't hit
on as much is the the intellect itself
develops through trade and interaction
right that's how we are more than the
sum of our parts is by cooperation and
that that's sort of the kernel of all
economics right we have we have these
ideas we swap them they become better
over time and we get to energize better
and better strategies the phrase right
you're playing with fire be careful you
might get burned yeah exactly and uh
what what makes human beings unique is
is as far as I can see they're the only
animal that plays with fire yeah
and and from the point we started to
play with fire we started to evolve at a
very rapid rate genetically Evol we
evolved intellectually we evolved
sociologically we evolved and we talk
about the fire of truth and the fire of
Faith you know it's like or The Keeper
of the flame you know and The Keeper of
the flame really means something if you
have a a city a village a civilization a
tribe and you've got a fire and it goes
out
you might very well die you don't want
that fire to go
out I mean uh Bitcoin and the Bitcoin
blockchain is a fire we don't want it to
go out either we talk you know we talk
about feeding the fire of Bitcoin and we
talk about feeding the fire of faith and
and and U simply uh being The Keeper of
the
flame it was an old idea thousands and
thousands of years ago I suspect fact
it's the difference between life and
death for Humanity for a million years
and uh when you've got fire you you know
you started the fire it's all good but
now I want you to like go back 100,000
years and be running around in 42 degree
temperature while it's raining on you or
what happens when it goes to 20 degrees
if it's cold and you
wet and the fire goes out you're going
to
die right this is it's not an academic
thing it's a it's a serious thing so
human beings harnessed fire and it made
all the difference and then Along Comes
the the next set of thoughts right if if
you can harness fire maybe you can
develop a brain and maybe you'll live
long enough to use it the next
observation is you know you ever rustle
around with a lion or a tiger or a bear
pick any animal that you wish to kill
and you have a russler you ever wrestle
with a dog that weighs 880 pounds not
easy would you like to fight with one
how do you feel about fighting with 10
how do you feel about trying to running
these things down you know that I I read
about you know in Runners world right
Runners all they want to tell you about
how humans were always made to run you
know because ancient mankind chased its
prey it could run 20 miles a day or 30
miles a day and we just run them down
until they get tired
okay well that that's one idea and and
oh maybe we did but you ever try to
catch something that's running away from
you while you're hungry around dinner
time I I don't really want to run for 20
hours straight until I Tire it to death
I have a better idea which is hit it
with a missile and by I I really mean
literally missiles I mean I mean a sling
A Primitive sling or I mean an
arrow and I think they found arrowheads
that go back 100 thousand years I mean
like they're they're old most people
think of a slingshot and they think um
they think about the kids slingshot with
the rubber band and and uh and the light
the kids play with but um like David and
Goliath sling right yeah if you study uh
Roman history and you go back a thousand
years before Rome they had Slingers I
mean the bolic islands like ABA they
were very famous for slingers
and if you read about them what they'll
say in the ancient text is is the
natives of the Bic Islands were raised
from age three before they could speak
they were raised to operate a sling the
sling is about six to eight feet long
it's made of animal
fiber and uh you know you not throw a
baseball and you've seen highly right if
I increase the lever at the end and if
your arm was 12 feet long you generate
some serious leverage a whip action so
those slings give the average person the
equivalent of a of a 10 foot long or 12
foot
long probably 10 foot long arm and they
practice with those for years from age
three you can imagine after 15 years of
practicing you get pretty good and they
weren't slinging little light ston or
the that you pick up on the on the
um Seashore they're actually forming
lead bullets okay everybody thinks oh
yeah bullets are from Guns well they're
not I mean people invented bullets
thousands of years before
guns guns were just the latest idea of
putting bullets together with
gunpowder um the lead bullets probably
came along 10,000
BC and maybe more maybe 100,000 BC this
is a straightforward idea if your life
depended upon it you would figure it out
and the figuring out is you get yourself
a very dense bullet you put it in a
sling you you ever seen a good pitcher a
good pitcher can place the
ball what 90 feet away plus or minus
four
inches can a good pitcher hit you in the
head if you're standing on the
plate okay now imagine someone that's
catching a 1 in or half inch Stone
bullet or bullet a lead
bullet from 50 yards away that can hit
you in the head every
time because the Romans say they
could okay right now you so now think
about that and this is how bad it is
right we talk about this in a bit but
but to make the
point these guys could stand 100 meters
200 meters off and from 200 meters off
they could actually hit an animal in the
head or another human being in the head
but it didn't matter if they hit you in
the head if they hit you in a torso
they're GNA rupture your ribs and you're
gonna and you may have organ failure
there's even
stories you know Li Livy when he writes
about the Second Punic War he writes
about Roman
Slingers you know and they sling so many
of these things that they that they
pretty much break all the bones of the
Galls Bel beneath their
armor if wearing leather armor their
ribs are broken and if they're not
wearing leather armor and they get hit
just like getting hit with a bullet in
your helmet it may still give you
concussion they're getting
concussions it was never a fair fight no
try try taking your your 8 foot long
Spear and having a fair fight with a
wolf or a p a pack of wolves no right a
bear no Humanity wouldn't be here if we
hunted or defended
ourself using Spears or using I mean s
these things these short close quarter
swords and clubs they're all very
romantic and they film well in Hollywood
movies you know and they're great
gladiatorial combat because you got the
you've got the two adversaries that are
in the same frame right but if you go
back a million years the adversaries
were never in the same frame if you made
it this far and you were a human being
you mastered the art of of Death from
Above I mean right killed from a
distance and nobody knew that you were
there it's not a modern invention Not
only would you stand back 50 meters or a
100 meters you would stand up and by the
way you would be up you know at the top
of of the hill where you gravity working
for you that gives you more range you
would be
back if you're really smart Robert like
if I if I told you there's a bunch of
whatever creatures on the plane and any
one of them can eat you or trample you
wouldn't you like to stand up 20 feet on
a cliff that they cannot run up stand up
20 feet above them wait for them to come
by blast them either with a with a sling
or use a a bow and
arrow and if you miss what happens if
you
miss just load up and go again right how
many chances do you get
yeah I think do you run out of bullets
right now what happens if you walk down
on the plane with your beautiful spear
and sword with all of your bu standing
next to you and fight it out risk of
Ruin can never never take that on I
think this is very interesting and it it
also highlights another difference that
we have from animals I know that humans
are one of the few animals uh that rely
on visual Acuity as their primary sense
I think it's humans and predatory Birds
um and then it also comes down to our
dexterity right the the our ability to
handle and manipulate bow and arrow
sling these types of missile weapons um
just sort of highlights again kind of a
difference in in us and everyone else
and those two things too are both
intimately related with speech and
thought and and other tool making so I
think that's very interesting you think
about the idea of missiles right I need
my eyes I need my brain I need to set up
the Kill Zone oh by the way I left off
one I one other observation
right it's 500,000 years ago you want to
kill
something you're down uh you're downwind
from it the Sun is to your back you're
above it and you have a missile and
hopefully you have a channel right if
you really want but it's like you really
want to
live that's you're gonna go find that
spot you're gonna say at this point in
the day the Sun is going to be to my
back the wind prevailing winds are going
to be blowing in my face I'm going to be
20 feet up oh there's a path up here but
guess what I'm gonna block that path
because I don't want the running up to
eat me once I start K it right then I'm
gonna I got 100 missiles and again it's
not a fair fight and there's only two
types of human beings there's the type
that figured that out and that's your
grandparents and there's the type that
were a bit sloppy about one of those
things and they didn't it they're gone
this all this all calls to mind uh sunzo
author of the The Art of War I I'm going
to paraphrase here but he said terrain
is the most important aspect of any
battle it's almost like the smart
general only goes into battle
essentially knowing that he's won based
on these preparations like you're
describing right Sun at your back wind
at your back high on the hill undercover
plenty of
missiles technologies that are
dominating
today they're dominating because they're
able
to deliver
Force faster harder stronger stronger
smarter like how if you're going to
dominate how do you deliver
Force Harder Faster stronger smarter and
um I could think of a hundred examples
in history and and they all you tend to
see those things
so if uh if it's got the characteristic
that it can be made harder it can be
made smarter it can be made stronger it
can be made faster there's something
compelling about it that's why digital
gold is thousands of times better than
gold because you've got all those
Dimensions to work on that's
why the the natural creature gold is a
rock a bear is a bear a Macedon is a
Macedon they're not getting harder
faster stronger smarter they're just
doing what they do human
beings are but only because of
innovation and so so missiles are just a
tool but they're illustrative fire is an
energy Network an an energy source it's
a it's a battery an energy source and
and you can deliver it in a certain way
and then that takes us to Hydraulics
which
is which is um Power from water and
water is a network and uh we talk about
Elemental forces Fire and Water right
well you ever look at the ocean and what
the ocean does right wave action is
incredible energy but um another source
of energy is buoyancy right you I
take you ever try to pick up a 2,000
pound weight and carry it on your back
up a hill or just
across put a 2,000 pound weight on a you
know on a a carriage put it on the back
of a donkey drag it on
skids problem right and this particular
case can't be solved with fire we can't
easily burn it on the other hand if you
needed to move 2,000 pounds you put it
on a barge you put it in the water and
the water pushes back 2,000 pounds and I
can push it with one
hand and uh this is a fast the the
Mastery of hydraulics is
fascinating I went to MIT mit's mascot
is a beaver and we all we have rings
that have the beaver on them and they
talk about you know why are you the
beavers and the answer is the beaver is
Nature's engineer and the Beaver is this
you know nearsighted short waddling
creature it shows up looks around sees
the water
flowing you know and what it can just be
I I don't know Bobcat bait or whatever
bear bear dinner or it can do something
about it and and what the what the
beaver does is just pretty unbelievable
the beaver starts chopping down trees
but first the beaver figures out where
to chop down the trees then the beaver
chops down the trees then the beaver
turns the trees into a dam then the then
the beaver you know it channels the
river into the dam creates a pond floods
the pond it's like it's the terrain
after it's got the pond it creates a
lodge in the middle of the pond with an
entrance underwater and then it creates
its life in that Lodge that pond water
water is Elemental to life and that pond
creates a creates an elemental it
creates a vibrant ecosystem and in that
ecosystem lots of things grow yeah but
for the most and lots of creatures
benefit I mean the ecological diversity
improves and and uh it's good for all
the plant life it's good for all the
wildlife people lament the loss of the
Beaver screws up forest and the Beaver
is just doing its thing and if there's a
if there's a storm and the dam gets
messed up the beaver swims out in the
middle of the thunderstorm or hurricane
or whatever it is and fixes the dam it's
a very industrious creature and you just
kind of sit back and you and you're in
awe and you think wow how did a creature
figure that out and then and then what
does that mean to
humanity of course it means a lot to
humanity I I've been all over the
world and um like I've been to the
desert I've been to Riad I've been to
UAE I've been I've been uh to Singapore
I've been to Miami Beach people think
oil is money they think oil is power
they think you know that
and and let me tell you oil's not oil is
not it's not really power it's not
wealth water is
wealth water is the key to life if I
gave you 10 billion
dollar in as much land as you wanted in
the
desert you can't create life you know
the cost for you to create a pond in the
desert the cost for you to actually
create a park with oak trees if I gave
you10 billion you know you would and you
lived in the desert Robert what would
you do with the
money what's the first thing you would
do buy Bitcoin and exit the
desert spoken like a progressive what if
you so let's parse that what if you
didn't know about Bitcoin and I gave you
the 10 billion doll and you lived in the
desert you'd be looking for treading
partners with water you'd exit the
desert right so it's what do they do you
buy yourself a jet you buy yourself a
villa in the south of France you buy
yourself a yacht that floats in the med
you know and then you figure
out how to live your life
because the cost to grow a palm tree in
the desert is 20,000 a year you want a
100 palm
trees it's $2 million a year to have 100
palm trees you want you want four acres
of grass in the
desert you have you have 100 million a
year for 10 acres of grass by the way
you still can't have it even if if you
spend a hundred million dollars a year
to put 10 acres of grass in the desert
the sandstorm comes and it wipes you out
water is Elemental to life we
underestimate how important it is until
you start paying to create it and yeah
you can stay alive in the desert but um
but uh you know a person making $5,000 a
year that lives in a city that has parks
and rainfall and um and a a temperature
a nice temperature lives better than a
billionaire in the desert right it's
just it's just that powerful now coming
back to
Hydraulics you
know Hydraulics will generate power
right I can harness I can harness
running water running down a hill and
create a turbine and I can create a mill
with that that's interesting again back
to the hunter gatherer
thing people if you dropped me 100,000
years
ago and you said okay well my use your
brain go hunt and gather I'd be like
screw that what would I do I would go
find a
stream with a little bit of elevation
you know Mount maybe a mountain stream
that had fresh water because you can
drink
it and I'd find a big enough one that
had fish in
it and then I would find a point where I
could divert the stream to create a pond
I mean if the beaver can do it I can
probably do
it I would do some Di
I would divert the stream I would create
a
lock and at that point in the year when
the salmon or the whatever are running I
might just flip that lock and I would
actually divert the stream into my pond
and create myself you know maybe it's a
100 foot wide pond maybe it's a 20 foot
wide pond maybe it's a 300 foot wide
pond maybe I waste a lot of the water I
don't care there's infinite and and I
would let five 100 of those little
fishies get trapped in my pond I'm not
chasing after them with
this stick like in Blue Lagoon I'm not
like there's no such thing as a fair
fight I'm not fishing with the hook you
know my idea of fishing is with dynamite
I'm going to blow up everything in the
lagoon and I'm gonna walk and pick up
the fish but in the absence of dynamite
I'm just going to divert the the water
what's the flow rate of water how many
fish swim by you I want them all put
them in the in the pond then what do you
think I'm going to do I'm gonna go pull
out one a day and I'm gonna let the
other fishies swim around and if it if
the winter comes and the pond freezes
over that's okay I'm going to chip a
little hole in the pond and I'm gonna
walk out every day and I'm gonna reach
it and grab my fish I'm G eat my fish
and I'm not chasing after stuff when you
chase after stuff you twist your ankle
and if you break your ankle you're
dying right and you chase after stuff
and then a wolf pack catches you from
behind or you piss off and angry
mastedon so hydraulic power it's the
water like it's GNA bring you something
to drink it's going to bring you
something to eat right by the way maybe
if I'm if I'm worried about the little
creepy crawly creatures or whatever I'm
going to dig a trench around where I
live and they're going to have to cross
the water to get to me yeah maybe I'll
use water a moat right you know if I
live on a seashore I'm going to create a
I'm G to find a natural Title Basin and
in that Title Basin I'm gonna let
creatures crawl in you ever watch yeah I
went to main one you ever watch krabbers
right or or actually
lobstermen I've seen it on TV some never
in person though okay well so so if you
don't know anything about
lobstermen you think oh well these are
guys out hunting Lobster with a
trap okay when you go watch the lobster
men operating you realize they're not
hunting Lobster they're not catching
Lobster they're farming
Lobster
okay big difference they drop they drop
the Trap and they they they'll create a
trap they'll put some uh some kind of
Herring Herring or something in the Trap
to what the the lobster wants to eat
they drop it they put 10 of those cages
down they wait lobsters are lazy
lobsters crawl into the cage they grab
the food they get stuck in the cage they
pull the Trap up they find a big lobster
they keep that one they find little
lobsters they throw them back in because
they need them to keep growing they feed
they're creating agriculture to feed the
lobster the lobster is living in happy
Lobster Hotel its entire
life it's not so bad Rob if I said to
you you know I'm gonna give you like
free room and board to age 70 and then
I'm gonna eat you well not so comping
not so compelling but if I said to you
Robert I'm gonna give you free room and
board until you're 750 years old and
then your life is going to end or you
can make it on your own and you'll
suffer horrific death being eaten up by
a barracuda at age 35 you might think
it's not so bad living you know in your
Lobster Hotel 10 times longer than you
would live naturally it's not like these
lobsters would have made it very far
they're liking it they're domesticated
lob right nature tends to pursue the
most energy efficient strategy available
to it right whether you're the eagle
driving dragging the baby goat off the
cliff or you're the lobster enjoying the
lobster Hotel uh
or you're the man diverting the stream
to capture a bunch of salmon you have a
tendency to want to do the least but
achieve the most right it's kind of the
nature of of productivity
itself I'm channeling energy and yeah
and not wasting any in the process
channeling it as efficiently and and
usefully as possible the pyramids got
bought built 2,000 years before
Cleopatra and Caesar had they haul it up
there and some of the most fascinating
vide I've seen on YouTube are those
YouTube videos that show how they build
hydraulic elevators to move a two ton or
four ton Stone up by floating it you
know up a channel to the side of a
pyramid and I totally believe that's how
they did it they actually used
Hydraulics to uh to construct the
pyramids it makes actually haven't I
haven't seen that actually I've always
seen them rolling them on the logs how
how were the Hydraulics
constructed they you have a two Tu of
let's say you have a tube of
water if I put something in the bottom
of the tube that's lighter than water
with a float attached to it I put a rock
with a with a float maybe you maybe you
take animal skins and you and you blow
them up with air it will float up the
tube and pop out the back oh you do is
is have the tube be able to hold the
Integrity so I can't do it for a th F
feet but I can do it for 20 feet it's
like um the way a Lock Works in a in a a
canal like I'm going into a lock I close
the gate I flood the lock it lifts the
barge I open the other locks and I go
out so imagine a series of locks that I
use to actually lift 100,000 tons of
stone using water wow yeah that's like
very very
interesting uh yeah I think that that's
how it was done in my opinion but water
can be used for farming for fishing it
can be used for security it can be used
for sanitation in fact there's a you
know without understanding water and the
Dynamics of water there is no cradle of
civilization in the aan or anywhere I'll
give you another interesting vignette I
go to
Santorini and uh sanini is built up on
this Caldera you know looking down on
the beautiful white white city right
yeah it's beautiful city it's gorgeous
yeah okay well in the 20th century you
can take the elevator up so I take the
elevator up from the port and the city
is 500 feet above or some number of feet
above and then on the way back I see I
see uh donkey rides and you can take a
donkey up you can take a donkey up uh to
s from the port or take a donkey
down I'm like I was in my fitness craze
and I'm like well I'm not riding a
donkey down but I think I'll just walk
down I mean what's the problem I think I
can walk I don't need to take the
elevator so I start walking down these
steps and the steps aren't terribly
difficult what do you think I see is I'm
walking down the donkey
steps donkey do
how much of it do you think I see uh
probably more than you wanted
to a
river wow a river of donkey
excrement mind you this is like three or
four tourist donkeys taking down the
occasional tourist a river of donkey
excrement and you can hardly avoid it
you're hopping this way and that way and
then my brain starts working and I start
thinking hm what happens if there's a
hundred times as many donkeys and what
happens if they're walking through a
city and what happens if it doesn't how
do you clear this stuff it's not like
they had hydraulic hoses and they could
just clear by the way they're not
clearing it in the 21st century in
Greece it's a river of donkey crap I
mean they haven't figured out how to
clear it 3,000 years later so let's go
back 3,000 years and and let's do the
thought experiment what's it like to
live in a city using animal power to
move stuff
around dirty place to
live awful but also unsanitary I mean
fly infested Ty typhus infested tyho you
know germ infested and then when it gets
dry and this stuff desic Ates and it
blows through the air you're going to be
breathing it smelling it it's going you
know it's just going to be awful
so you want to drink it and eat
it okay this is not just a matter of uh
creature Comfort you're gonna die you
you can't actually bring together a
bunch of human beings unless you work
out the sanitation problem and it was
then and there that it daunted on me
very
viscerally there's a reason why all the
streets and mikos are so narrow that you
can't get a uh you can't get a horse or
a cart through them they're walking
cities Pally there's a reason that that
eus and the and the equ the equestrian
class the were the Roman Knights the
knights were the equestrian class and
what men in ancient Rome was the top 1%
or the top you know 0.1% the the Nobles
of Rome were the equestrian
class what it meant to be rich and
Powerful was you had the right to bring
a horse into the city nobody else could
the problem was not they couldn't afford
the horses the problem is they if they
allowed anybody to bring a horse into
the city it would be so unsanitary as as
to render the city
uninhabitable so most ancient cities if
you wanted them to work you would have
to have them human powerered and now
you've got this dilemma of how do you
move Goods around tell me how do I move
things around
cleanly I need a clean energy source
that is not going to
foul my sanitary system it's not going
to actually kill me and of course it's a
boat right what do you
you want 25 cities with ports on an
inland sea with at least a season six
six to nine months a year where you can
cross from one point to another Point
without being dashed and killed on the
Rocks so you need a fairly mild sea but
you have to have water because if you
have the same 25 cities on land and
you're going to use horse or animal
power in order to move goods and
services back and forth
it's just so dirty right so unsanitary
that your civilization's probably not
going to get off the ground and so the
Mediterranean was ideal for this sounds
like the Mediterranean is the perfect
ocean yeah because because you can
oftentimes navigate without leaving the
site of
land it's hard to get too lost there's a
lot of ports very Placid relatively and
and there's a lot of stops if if you
look at all of these Empire s The
Phoenician Empire the Roman
Empire the Venetian
Empire the British Empire you know if
you if you actually Tour all the great
ports in in the Mediterranean all the
really good ones the story goes
something like this like uh maybe you go
to bonao in
Corsica well in a thousand ad this was a
Phoenician port and in the Greek Empire
came along and it was an Athenian Port
500 and then the RO and then the
carthaginians kicked them out and it was
carthaginian port and then the Romans
kicked them out it was a Roman port and
then after the Romans fell the venetians
took this over this Venetian port and
then eventually it became a a British
Port you know like that's the story of
Malta that's the story of Corfu that's
the story of you know of H of lots of
different ports in the Mediterranean and
the reason why is if you want to
dominate the Mediterranean you need to
have a port within one or two days sale
that you can hide in whenever the
mistels blow and if you control that
network of ports when the weather goes
bad you go into the port and your ship
doesn't get
sunk and if you don't and you're like a
week away from a port that's friendly
and the weather gets bad you get dashed
against the rocks and you just
die you know and that's the end of it
and so these are all nautical
networks and uh and they're all based
upon
terrain and uh the Mediterranean was a
good Crucible for for the you know the
beginning of a
civilization and when you put together
you know the incredible power of of
hydraulic
transportation and then you consider the
consequences of not having it you
realize you can't really develop the the
economic density we haven't touched much
on agriculture we could but the general
theme is the same right when I drop you
and you find a fruit tree you're not GNA
go oh duh there's a fruit tree in this
clearing I'm gonna walk 18 miles to the
place where I can find a different fruit
Bush and then I'm gonna walk five miles
back to the place where the fish are
you're gonna actually pick up the fruit
tree and plant like aund fruit trees
next to your fishing pond right right
you know I mean you're not stupid like
like Paleolithic man there's every
reason to believe they were smarter and
stronger and tougher than we were I mean
they yeah right so so this is a mess
around I think it's a great point that
all of these inventions were leading
towards increasing economic or energetic
density and that's what actually
provided the Bedrock on which to build a
civilization so maybe I'll try to give a
quick overview and feel free to jump in
if I'm missing
but started out with
uh we can't handle an animal oneon-one
right it's kind of our wits that make us
who we are through our wits we're able
to communicate and coordinate with one
another uh one thing we didn't get into
is kind of the Yuval Harari sapiens
thesis where he says that man came to
dominate the world because we can tell
and believe stories like we're actually
able to abstract and represent reality
and symbols and that's what gives us the
ability to make tools and and so and so
forth but so with those strategies that
are often Cooperative we've energized
them with fire as kind of our our base
um I guess we're harnessing the energy
of the of the of the world and ancient
sunlight through using fire and then the
other interesting thing about fire is
that it actually accelerated our own
Evolution right our cognitive
development was increased because we're
able to liberate more calories from food
and whatnot um and then also gave us the
ability to make uh harder stronger
better tools I guess you would say too
in terms of metal working and then we
could talk about uh and actually I think
that's a great Point too is that mankind
actually changes his own course of
evolution through the conscious
decisions we make like the tools we make
in turn make us which I think is a
really interesting point to touch on
later as well with with money and then
we had missiles right so we could
actually take advantage of our visual
Acuity which is something unique through
people uh and our in our dexterity and
actually hunt animals at a distance and
hunt them on a Terrain that was
advantageous to us uh and then we had we
had to tap into water right because we
we are water first of all like humans
are 70% water we have to consume a lot
of water very frequently I think that's
the the quickest way to die right It's
Like Oxygen first we have to have that
most frequently water
second
um three minutes without air three days
without water three months without food
exactly and I've read too that people
going without water actually Cry tears
of blood it's one of the symptoms that
makes your eyes
bleed just interesting and then uh so
not only is water clearly this
lifegiving substance that we have to you
know have access to fresh water and be
able to implement it into our
agricultural systems and whatnot but
it's also a tool for for overcoming
gravity right so we could actually
construct larger larger scale
structures um and conduct Commerce kind
of at scale
so I think that's a a great first
principal view on what makes us
unique and we got to do all that to get
to the Iron Age yeah and we come back to
this issue of uh being
harder right and being stronger you know
we harness that fire and we start to
work metals and uh we move into bronze
and we move into iron and I think um the
Roman Empire is a is a
great it's a great model for uh the way
that human beings interact with
technology and the way that they
interact with um uh with a competitive
world or and become both anti
fragile and get harder smarter faster
and stronger and uh this same thing was
going on in other parts of the world but
I I'll focus upon Romans for a bit you
go read Livy's History of Rome and he
you know he writes about the Roman
Republic had 700 good
years 700 years before it even went to
Empire
and we start with this idea of Roman
politics
um you've heard the phrase beware the
IDS of
March and it refers to you juliia Caesar
and you know people think of it as as oh
well that's when someone's gonna kill
Caesar but it's really referring to the
fact that for 700 years the Romans got
together on March 15 and had an election
every year the Romans the Romans had
were the most organized
uh of all of the civilizations we can
find in the ancient world and that's how
they grew dominate they were just
organized and and what their one of
their forms of organization is and this
is a thing of beauty they're running a
process where every year March 15 they
have their election they appoint two
consuls they appoint all their officers
the consuls then they they conduct about
two weeks worth of religious ceremonies
they all worship they appease the gods
they're getting psyched up right they're
they're reminding themselves that
they're unique they're
celebrating simultaneously they raise an
army they train the Army we go from
March 15 all the way through to May 1st
six
weeks and those six weeks they get
organized uh celebrate get excited wait
for a good om and they're really they're
really getting ready and then the
campaigning season starts May 1
everybody that knows anything about
Europe in the Mediterranean knows the
weather gets good on May 1 the problem
before May 1 it rains there's storms if
you set out to seea or you set
out across uh across terrain before that
time period if the coal doesn't get you
the storm's going to get you or your
ship's going to sink or something it's
you know ultimately
right
the in the history of all these wars
more people die from natural
causes then they die from bullets of the
enemy or or from the enemy so the number
one danger is Nature's goingon to kill
you so the Romans basically did Summer
campaigning and so May 1 they start to
campaign that goes through June July
August September all good months if
they're still fighting something maybe
around October they wrap it up they go
into winter quarters by
November November December
January you know maybe they've half a
November but certainly December January
February that's winter they're not doing
anything because the because the
elements are a much bigger threat than
than the enemy
is and and if you know anything about
the med you know you can't navigate the
med in the winter like even in the
modern day it's you no one would you
know want to go yachting in the med in
the winter it's just not comfortable you
get storms weather is very un
uncertain
so all this time they're resting they're
recuperating they're regrouping they're
politicking you can imagine they're
discussing with each other who's most
suited that guy's long in the tooth that
guy's lost the step this is the upand
comer you support me I'll support you
they're working through that consensus
back in Rome and they're remembering
what it what it's like to be a
Roman and then Along Comes March and
then they decide who's gonna do what and
everybody gets the you know you're gonna
be a Tribune you're G to be a conso
you're gonna be a governor let's put in
place the administration and they're
always rotating and they go and they do
it again and if they send off the best
and the brightest and the guy takes an
arrow in the back and he dies well next
year there's another guy you know SK
skipio Africanus you know like one of
the most famous Roman generals of all
time he rose to power you know in his
early 20s after all of his his uncle and
his father died in the um in the Second
Punic War his entire family is getting
wiped out but there's always another
Roman always another Roman always
another one you know from a very early
age
and so the political system had a it had
a certain Elegance to it because it was
tied to the calendar it was tied to
Nature it was a natural
cycle and it took into account the need
of of human beings to celebrate each
other successes I go campaign I come
back I get a Triumph it took into
account their need to have a a common
Faith you know the faith is critical if
we're not all Romans and if we don't all
believe the same thing why are we going
to die die for each other right Faith
mattered but the weather mattered yeah
right and and you know it's like people
don't realize they did it every year on
March 15 because they're getting they
need if I told you the weather's GNA get
get on May 1 and you need an army when
would you
start right right right they're kind of
they're pretty smart 7 years of it
that's the Roman way and then they also
took in account human motivation which
is everybody's got an ego everybody
needs their turn nobody can hog all the
power so even if you were the greatest
General this year You Gotta Give It Up
to someone else next year and as long as
they kept turning up and if if I'm the
second most powerful family and you're
from the most powerful
family maybe I'll support you for
console with an understanding that it's
my turn next year right you know and
it's like we and then maybe my family
will fight and die for you because we
have a chance of Glory next year but in
the at the point where you take over and
you tell me well you think you're gonna
just keep the job for the next 62 years
at that point the fabric of the
civilization starts to break down
because right right because that
equity and that uh and that citizenship
and that sense that we're protecting the
Roman way of life starts to degrade to
we're just helping somebody Dynasty
screw them right so it's the the
dynamism of the hierarchy keeps it
revivified and and fresh and they're
harmonized with nature that's very
interesting anti- fragile right right
the Romans are antifragile they're
always going off to fight always always
always it's just the history of war
after war after war after War but there
but but they've got
this you you know like typical CEO right
it's you could be in a job 10 years 20
years I'm 55 I've been in my job for
quite a while but it's not uncommon for
someone in modern day
America to um uh to be doing a job and
become CEO somewhere between age 40 and
age 65 not uncommon in fact the captain
of a yacht will often times be 40 and
they'll they'll stay as Captain until
they're 65 you might do the same job for
20 years 25
years um I once took a tour of the US
Military and uh I was treated like a
senator and so it was a it was an
orientation tour um and they would take
you uh to Army base a navy base an Air
Force Base a Marine base campon Fort
Hood you know um Etc and one of the
things they did is they took us onto an
aircraft carrier the John
stennis and so I landed on an aircraft
carrier and then I got to tour of the
carrier and then I got to meet the
captain the average age of the soldiers
on the aircraft carrier is
19 average age 5,000 people in aircraft
carrier 19 the officers are in their 20s
some in their early 30s do you know who
the oldest man or woman on the carrier
Robert the
oldest the old
man the old man is
41 wow I you know so I started talking
to him and the and the number two is 38
if you're the oper you're the number two
oper head of operations it's an 18mon
gig and if you're the captain it might
be 36 months and so I started talking
and this is a new a powered aircraft
carrier these guys can start a war they
start a war like it's like one 12th of
the Firepower of the US Navy right right
right could take down all but like three
countries in a heart maybe you could
take down any country in a heartbeat
it's a pretty important job Robert right
wouldn't you say right absolutely
um so I said to him so tell me your pth
to get here and he goes well you know I
went to the Naval Academy and you know I
did this for a few years and every thing
every one to three years I move through
a different command and and uh I finally
made it as a you know EXO number two
officer like two years ago and I got
promoted you know six months ago and
I'll have this command for like 24
months or
something and and I said well let me get
this so so there's only like 12 of you
right so so you're one of the top 12
most talented uh officers in the entire
Navy like how many people in the Navy
hundreds of thousands of people in the
military this is one of the 12 most
important jobs in the United States
military Bar None I'm like so in like 12
more months you're leaving he goes yeah
I'm leaving said what why wouldn't they
want you to do this job for 20
years like you could start World War III
I mean like why would you take the risk
of like changing and putting someone
else in the job what if they screw it up
you
know like we don't do it by Robert we
don't do that in any other part of our
economy we don't actually put 40 year
olds with term limits of 36 months in
charge of cities states countries
company we don't put them in charge of
Yachts if you had a 100 foot pleasure
craft you wouldn't you wouldn't do it
you be like I find one Captain I'm
keeping the guy for 20 years I'm not
you wouldn't actually do that with a
person that like Cooks your food or Ms
your
lawn so why do you think this guy's
gotta go after 36 months any
guesses because the answer is gonna blow
mind what jumps to mind is if he were to
get paid off or corrupted or something
but I I really don't know that's not a
bad idea it's like that's like the the
forest ranger principles like we rotate
the forest rangers in order to keep
anybody from bribing or corrupting a
forest ranger so they don't misuse
public National Park resources brilliant
idea right Bedrock of the forestry
service and a great anti-corruption
technique but that's not
why I'm standing on the deck of this
aircraft carrier talking to this
guy who a lot of you know a lot of
people think like he's just the junior
executive maybe we're ready to give it
or whatever and I said so tell me again
why you got to leave this job even
though you're the best guy in the Navy
to do it you're obviously hyper talented
he goes well Michael there's a lot of
really really good people coming out of
the academy every
year and everybody needs their
[Music]
turn everybody needs
their
turn talking about a 21y old Lieutenant
coming out of the Naval Academy
saying these people signed up to commit
their life and their career and
potentially sacrificed their life to be
a Navy officer and at the Pinnacle is
their hope that they can be the captain
and have their own command and at the
Pinnacle of that is captain of an
aircraft carrier and if you want people
to love and fight and die and cherish
your
institution you got to get out of the
way and give them their chance I mean
everybody needs their turn and you start
thinking maybe we overestimate oursel
right this is why again a decentralized
organism like Bitcoin is superior to a
company
because as Charles de gal said right
graveyards are full of the Tombstones of
indispensable men
right yeah right it's like this makes me
think to 100% this makes me think to as
a kid there there was this notion that
anyone I grew up in Tennessee but anyone
could be president anyone could be the
American president not now that may be
kind of silly and uh not actually the
case but that notion seemed to give
people at least kids uh this this
motivation to really want to be
patriotic and uh part and parcel for
their their country so it seems like
something about uh the possibility of
achieving the highest level within an
organism or organization sort of gives
people maximal motivation or something
like that there was a t like there's a
certain pride in being a naval officer
if you
believe when they when the head of a
carrier looks at you when you started
your career and says you know one day
you'll have your turn at
this you are comrades you're as good as
me you're the future of the Navy right
that's what will cause people to lay
down and and and die for you right
that's inspiration absolutely respect
and that's what the Romans had in those
700 years the height of the Republic
It's you're a Roman
first this year maybe you're maybe
you're under the command of you know
your family's number one adversary but
next year that'll be your command
right and that's the Roman way and and
there's a certain submission to Nature
and uh to the will uh the organism is
greater than any one individual any one
family and uh it's continually
refreshing itself we have to have
constant flow of new Talent new
leadership someone drops the Baton
someone else picks up the Baton that's
what made the
Romans great they they suffered no Kings
among them right you look at the the
Second Punic War and then I think maybe
it was the second Macedonian War
eventually the
Romans went to fight against like I
guess Philip of Macedon he was a king
and and he had an awful
son and his his one son got fighting
with his other son and convinced the
father to murder the second son and then
the father realized that he made a
mistake because his first son lied to
him you know and the father was a
nutcase crazy guy and the son was kind
of crazy and it corrupted the entire
society and the Roman conso was was just
the most talented General and he knew
that you know the way it worked is his
officers were from every other competing
family in Rome if that General was lazy
drunk cowardly stupid it got reported
back by the officer Court to Rome and to
the Senate and so they were slightly
gossipy but the point is when you know
that everybody's watching
you and that you can be replaced and
will be replaced next year and your
future is
uncertain it brings out a higher degree
of
professionalism and that's the
competition in the market just like you
know yeah right you're a minor and they
cut off your electricity while your
mining rig stops and the mining shifts
somewhere else absolutely that's the
reason entrepreneurs in the free market
are accountable to the preferences of
their customers right because they
constantly face the existential threat
of customers going elsewhere whereas the
opposite would be true in a monopoly
right the monopolist doesn't have to
give two shits about his customers
preferences because they have no other
choice so I think it's really
interesting so the Roman political
system it bred harder Stronger Faster
smarter
individuals and it was that no apologies
about it from age three this is the way
it is and um and Rome comes first and
everybody else's interests are
subjugated and when you look at that
right they started with that system a
good
system I mean people forget about it 700
years as a republic I mean find me
another Republic lasted 700 years
conquered the entire Known World then
you got the Roman army and uh that tells
a different story I mean the Roman army
is it takes us back to this issue
of there was never such thing as a free
f a fair fight the Romans weren't
fighting Fair they would have laughed at
you you know like the the Roman approach
to this was was to take uh you know my
illustration of the Slinger on the cliff
and take it to a whole new level the
Romans manufactured you know ballista
and they manufactured catapults and they
manufactured every sword to be the same
length every Shield to be the same size
every every Soldier took the same step
the same length everything was the same
you could be an8 foot tall
Goliath and the Roman 5 foot 10 inch
tall normal dude right is going to beat
the crap out of you because you're not
going to get within 12 feet of because
you're going to take a spear in the gut
from the 12 guys standing to his left
and his right as you charge right
there's
no there's no in in all of these time
periods all these wars and you read Livy
and he describes them very in depth over
and over
again hundreds and hundreds and hundreds
of battles and they always consisted of
the Romans maneuvered to get The High
Ground the the Romans maneuvered uh to
get the enemy out on the plane the
Romans unleashed the artillery onto the
enemy while they stood and obliterated
10% of them then the Romans obliterate
Unleashed some more artillery there's
one story where the Roman army cornered
the GS the Gs are are on a on a
Mountaintop on a Hillside and the Romans
are below they just surround them they
stop they start to Pummel them and they
rain down hell from above
bullets
Boulders flame
Napal and and Livy writes you know
before a Roman even took a step toward
the enemy line half of the GS were dead
and and 80% of them had been maimed or
incapacitated from the bullets wow and
then the Romans start to move up and do
something it's like this there's none of
this let's just charge into battle and
fight it out with our sword right never
happened that way it was always going to
be find a way to get an advantage and
and and by the way the technology is
like is very critical right the people
think like the Romans had a military
industrial
complex right you're in do there's a way
to do it you're going to do it in a
certain way they had an En entire bottle
language and entire system of how you're
going to act you know if you want
something which is eye opening there's
this story of the Roman Navy from um the
second the first Punic
War the carthaginians Dominate the
Mediterranean the Romans are a land
power the Romans don't know anything
about Naval power but this it tells you
a lot about the Roman psyche and the
Roman
intellect the Romans are getting beat up
by the card theeni and because the
carthaginians control the ports and they
have the fleet the Romans have no
Fleet One Day a storm kicks up and the
storm uh the storm drives a carthaginian
ship naval ship into a Roman Port it's
blown into the port by a bad mol the
Romans capture
it they take it apart to try to figure
out how the carthaginians make their
ships and this you can't make this up
this is the most amazing thing in
history they find out that the
carthaginians make their ships from a
kit from from reusable standardized
parts and not only are all the parts
standardized the carthaginians have
labeled each part with the instructions
of where it fits and the number of the
part the Romans construct the entire
thing steal the entire
blueprint 90 days later they made 150
ships you you think these guys are
screwing around right they're not
screwing around it's like everybody
everybody thinks oh yeah yeah I'm gonna
take my time to figure this stuff out
now War has a way War has a way of
quickening your T you know your activity
B am I'm losing I find a ship that's the
DNA that's the formula of the ship 150
ships to make a long story short the
Romans win the first Punic War and they
vanquished the carthaginians and they
become the naval power and of course the
it's not that the Romans invented
everything it's just the Romans stole
every good idea from every civilization
from the Greeks from the carthaginians
from the whatever that they crushed and
and because they lasted we're able to
read their
histories but you know it kind of blows
your mind when you think that in five by
the way you think the C the Jans
invented that maybe they stole it from
the fans right yeah but yeah 500 BC if
you want to win Wars you don't just make
ships and you don't just train hard and
you don't just make you don't make
wagons right Roman row
the Romans had standardized Parts a
standardized gauge for a wagon wheel
every Roman wagon rolling on the road is
carving ruts in the road that gauge has
to be standardized you can't just make
any wagon you have to make it exactly
the same right okay this is for all
those people that believe you know that
that recoil in
standardization well that Roman uh that
Roman wagon gaug
eventually became the standard width of
a railroad track in Europe and then
eventually the standard R width of a
railroad track everywhere so if you want
to know how wide a Roman Chariot was or
War Chariot or any just go stand on a
railroad anywhere on Earth the Romans
gave that to you and the reason why they
did it that way is because if you build
wagons with different gauges
they fall in the Rut they snap the
axle and that's death yeah so it's like
no it's like Henry Ford said you can
have it any color as long as it's black
no you can't have it any way you want it
you take it what what you can by the way
it's not that every civilization figured
this out it's just that every
civilization that insisted insisted upon
doing it a different way with different
bells and whistles got crushed to death
right right right there's an analogy to
this in the Bitcoin world too when you
come up with a different feature and a
different it's like it would just be 10%
better you know if you made your wagon
10% wider it would hold 20% more and you
would need 10% less and your transaction
cost would be less and your whatever I
think better it points towards path
dependence too right like the fact that
technology already took a certain path
it kind of has an inertia right an
inertia that's carried the width of the
gauge of a wagon wheel to the the width
of a modern Rail and I I thought it was
interesting too how you pointed to the
civilizations that went out the the
Romans or the carthaginians are the ones
that studied their history right so
they're actually gleaning insights from
civilizations that had come before them
which again is kind of hearkens back to
that uvall Harari concept of our ability
to uh abstract our learnings into
symbols like language and whatnot and
then pass them from generation to
generation such that the most successful
strategies take advantage of the
collective learnings up until that point
um versus trying to just do something
from scratch on your own like we all
stand on the shoulders of giants so to
speak those yeah those roads were the
logistics network of the Roman Empire
and if you can move goods and services
and if you can move armies faster inside
your borders than your enemies can move
inside their
borders right then you're gonna win
right you've got well you've got a major
major
advantage and of course if everybody
lays down a railroad track that's uh
that's a certain width and you come up
with an idea for a car that's got a
different width who are you gonna sell
it to right right Proto the people talk
about protocols being important right
well the tcpip wasn't the first protocol
you know Roman roads probably weren't
the first protocol either but the point
is protocols matter and there's it's
arrogant but I'm sure that um the
Egyptians had protocols to build those
pyramids you know standard size and
standard widths and standard weights and
measures um those protocols matter uh a
a heck of a lot and uh if you don't have
them it's impossible people to cooperate
so money we've talked about money a lot
as as being essential for civilization
to
cooperate and allowing us to allowing us
to specialize but all these um all these
other logistics protocols or military
Protocols are in their own way equally
important
um and I'll make one last point on on
just Roman injuring and aqueducts right
the Romans the Romans understood the the
importance of hydraulics and they took
it to a new
level um they
actually they actually uh created
aqueducts that would bring water from up
to 70 miles away to a given City a lot
of coastal towns on the med that are not
inhabitable I mean the the natural
economic density is really a function of
the amount of water per year so so uh if
the amount of water per year is basic
Bas on rain water maybe you can have 500
people live in the city and if you bring
the aqueduck it goes to 5,000 or 50,000
and so the the the economic density
requires the hydraulic flow uh for
sanitation and and just to keep
everybody alive and uh so engineering
the roads engineering the
aqueduct it's a it's the rails upon
which the entire Iron Age
civilization was built and Romans of
anything they're engineers and they
elevated engineering above all and um
what what is engineering I mean what I'm
an engineer I I I think engineering
is is an incredibly honorable
ethical life affirming
profession that the basic Credo of the
engineer is I look nature and I look at
the I look at the
circumstances that I'm surrounded by and
I use my intellect and every material
and technique at hand in order to
construct a better world for
everyone and everything that I
love that's that's the Credo I'm not I'm
not going to be a victim of
circumstance you know I I'm going to
actually change my circumstances with my
intellect and that might mean build a
bridge it might mean build an an
aqueduck It might mean build a road it
might mean build a ship whatever it
is just like the beaver builds the dam
the engineer builds the world you know
look at any City where you take the
bridge down and try to figure out how
life changes and it's pretty
consequential so you know if we just if
we just leave a leave you with one more
vignette on Rome and then we'll move on
I think to the Dark
Ages I I have a holding company the
holding company is called Alcantara and
Alcantara is based
upon uh something I saw in Alcantara
Spain it's a Roman Bridge it stood for
2,000
years and if you go underneath that
bridge you'll find a Roman inscription
in Latin where the Roman engineer whose
name is Julius Locker
saide this bridge will stand for all
time
unquote they took their engineering
seriously
right yeah this uh I I recall from tb's
writing that the uh The Architects of I
actually think the the Roman
aqueducts there was a uh to give the
architect skin in the game so to speak
that he would be required himself or
even with with his family at times to
stand beneath uh the aqueduct as the
scaffolding was removed right so he knew
it was his life and possibly his
family's life on the line should his
architectural abilities be incompetent
right so these these people took uh they
had again it's a protocol right it's a
protocol and an incentive or a
disincentive to Mal performance for that
architect to take his profession very
seriously um and I think too another
that came to mind is you're talking
about Rome as being incipient to all
these civilizational Technologies and
protocols we use what ultimately led to
the downfall of Rome was uh their
monetary protocol being compromised
right it was the debasement of the coin
I think started with Nero um and
eventually led to the the forking into
the East Roman Empire
um and their political protocols
compromis yeah the series of Civil Wars
you know Caesars being the most famous
but a series of Civil Wars where the
political protocols broke
down even before the monetary protocols
broke down but you can you can see
they're all related right at some point
the
Integrity of the
society um broke down and when they lost
their integrity across all these areas
the the collapse of the political system
beg got the collapse of the military
system
the religion how how do you maintain
your patriotism in Rome when one Roman
army is fighting another Roman army
right what was there an inflection point
that you recall that sort of led to all
this these protocols being
compromised you know around 50 BC it all
started going bad maybe maybe
um
um I'll come back to
it a whole series of wars in Julius
Caesar youth you know and the and the
rise of a series of strong men and uh
and the that the
weakening of um of the Roman
Republic TB I think makes great points
in his books about you know how it's the
death penalty in Babylon if you screwed
with weights and
measures you know or you know if you're
a builder and your house collapses right
you know some your own family dies it's
that they're definitely great skin in
the point games and they just skin in
the game points sorry and they just
remind you that that in a society the
respects natural law right right n
nature is not going to pity you and
she's not listening for excuses you know
if
you I know this is not quite relevant
but I can't help it but state it
the richest man in
China uh a year or two years ago was out
on summer vacation in the south of
France the guy's worth 203 billion
dollars and uh he uh decided to take a
selfie or get a photo and he stood up on
a rock wall at some ancient ruin in the
south of France and while they were
taking the photo he slipped and fell off
the side of the wall and 50 feet to his
death and
uh
again somewhat
uh emblematic of the
point it doesn't matter if you have an
army of lawyers and a billion dollars of
clout in that last two seconds of his
life you
know he was punished by violating the
law of gravity with the death sins
that's right
it's like you know gravity doesn't care
who you are nature doesn't care it does
the richest man in China out of a
billion people and he was sentenced to
immediate death no appeal in a split
second for being
careless and uh when the
society when Society forms all of these
appeals and excuses and and they they
let everybody off the hook you know like
well if you make a market in accepting
excuses and lawsuits you're going to get
a lot of lawsuits and a lot of excuses
right
yeah this is uh and then too big to fail
institutions right we're we're
interrupting this
evolutionary impulse um that that we're
not learning at at um a business and
civilizational level when we preserve
institutions
artificially yeah I'm very persuaded um
by uh all of the points made by TB and
also by the Paleo theorist about the
importance of pain in
life pain is a is a natural teacher and
um you can learn a lot of things via
pain right you try to pick up a chair
the wrong way you you do something the
you know the wrong fashion and the pain
is a feedback and it's information and
when you try to cut off the pain
flow through anesthetics or steroid
shots or quarter zone or
QE or qy or an appeal or a lawyer or a
bribe or however it is you avoid paying
the price the consequences for your
misstep right it's try to suspend
gravity well good luck with that right
right right right you if you could have
suspended gravity you know for a billion
dollars in that one second how much
other screwy stuff would have happened
everywhere else in the world while that
gravity was suspend right guy exactly
the damage would have been maybe a
million times worse yeah I mean gra
gravity is key there's a good reason you
can't compromise Nature's protocols
right and we should mirror that through
natural
law that would be the healthy approach
right yeah that's the that's the paleo
Theory that's that's the theory of um of
antifragility um that's the the that's
the theory of Austrian economics and
right capitalism properly
understood and uh and uh darwinian
Evolution and natural
equilibrium so how awesome was that
right Michael's incredible uh he's very
deeply knowledgeable um about all things
history Tech energy um I hope you found
that conversation as fascinating as I
did and I got a lot of fresh insights um
talking with Michael and I love the the
initial introduction of there's never
been such thing as a fair fight right so
it's as if everything in nature is
always trying to sharpen its
strategy um to figure out you know a
better faster cheaper way of doing
things you know namely getting food
reproducing um things like that so
thought that was really interesting and
there's a there's a nice coraly there
between sort of uh ecological strategies
that an animal might use and a business
strategy right that's that's the nature
of innovation as well so I came to see
Evolution and Innovation as things that
are very closely connected you know
Evolution being kind of the organic form
of Innovation or innovation being the
inorganic form of evolution which I
thought was super
fascinating and um you know it's
fascinating to me that thinking is what
makes us the apex predator right it's
our ability to run these
simulations of future action right we
can actually spin up
avatars um and and other elements of a
situation and think through them before
we actually execute and we can also
communicate about it with one another so
we can out coordinate other animals
right so even though we may not have uh
the most uh vicious physical appendages
in the world it's our wits that make us
men that allow us to out compete um and
be dominant frankly the dominant species
in the world so I thought that was super
interesting and um on that same vein
another change changed my own worldview
was how Michael describes that you know
human beings as far as he can tell are
the only animal that play with fire and
by you by harnessing fire and harnessing
energy we're actually channeling Energy
across our intellect like that's another
way to think about it is that we we F we
create these idea structures in the
world and the the visualization I have
in my mind is almost like
a magnetic field if you've ever seen a a
diagram of a magnetic field there are
these field lines that emanate out and
and circle back from kind of the North
Pole to the South Pole it's almost as if
we can project this intellectual
magnetic field lines into the world and
then actually Channel energy through
them uh to create things and do things
right these are these are the weapons we
use these are the structures we build um
these are even say maybe like a a boat
right we we've figured out how to
reconstruct the raw materials of nature
in accordance with a an established
intellectual pattern such that that boat
now has buoyancy right and we can we can
move ourselves uh without friction
across water so it's just a super
interesting new way to look at the world
and uh you know as he went into the the
three Primal Technologies basically that
that helped us build everything around
us are fire missiles and
hydraulics and fire serves as you know
the Prime energy Network for Humanity
and one thing I've long thought about
which is really interesting is
that it's
not it's common for us to think of
energy in different forms right like we
think of gravitational energy versus
kinetic versus heat energy um all these
different forms of energy but if you
really zoom out I think every bit of
energy that we harness on the planet is
essentially solar energy right so like
even hydrocarbons which are very popular
today like oil natural gas uh we're
combusting these hydrocarbons but what
they actually are what the hydrocarbons
actually are is ancient sunlight that's
fallen on the Earth right it it it fed
and formed this biological matter you
know plant
plants that fed the herbivores and the
herbivores that fed the omnivores and
carnivores and that this all this energy
capture basically dies and
decomposes and that's what becomes these
layers these sedimented layers uh of
hydrocarbons of oil and whatnot so in a
way any form of energy we tap even if we
think it's gravitational energy uh I
mean I guess the Earth does exert its
own gravitational energy to some degree
but a lot of it's coming from its
rotation around the Sun right so most of
the energy if not all uh we harness in
the world is actually a form of solar
energy like the the sun is truly our
divine father if you want to call it
that or our Cosmic father I guess um and
I guess the one other caveat to that
might be Starlight you know it
contributes a small amount of energy to
the world but for all intents and
purposes all energy is solar and I think
that was a really just an interesting
way to to look at
things and when we harness fire right we
we have this force that
has it's a self-generating form of
energy so once we figur out how to spark
the fire and control it we had a form of
energy that could just um expand and
produce and generate itself right and we
use this for a lot of
purposes um you know to clearly like
just uh how he described clearing a
forest with fire thought that was very
interesting super efficient way to clear
a path of predators of obstacles um you
know fire is really good at that and
then it also it improved visibility for
us at night right like because night was
our worst enemy before fire like when
darkness fell we were essentially
neutered you know we're we're we're
visual creatures humans rely on their
visual Acuity as their primary sense so
and under the cover of
Darkness uh we we've lost this this
primary sense organ and fire allowed us
to reestablish that right we could
actually use it to to wield off
Predators we could use it to set up camp
um it just improved visibility for us in
more hours of the day um and it's it's a
great example too I think of
how our conscious decisions and what we
construct
and the things we use can actually shape
us they actually we can actually
co-evolve uh with our conscious
decisions an an example of this would be
you know specific to fire is candl light
so again before we could harness fire
reliably we didn't really have
illumination after the sun went down
right so candl light gave us all this
new found time to stay up late you know
reading studying uh
planning um all these things that help
make us more intelligent over time it
created this feedback loop where we
discovered fire and all of a sudden fire
allowed us gave us all this you know
found time or discovered time to
continue continually expand our
intellectual Horizons even
further uh and another thing was cooking
right cooking is so fascinating that
that we you harnessing fire to cook
we're actually preig esting our food so
we made we liberated nutrients more
easily right we reduced the metabolic
load on the body to break down food and
by doing that we freed up resources
internally that were reallocated to
cognitive development so by figuring out
fire we were able to break down food
more easily predigest it and then we
freed it up energy to become smarter
right and figure out more ways to
channel that energy across our intellect
so that was just like
mindblowing and then finally uh the Fire
based signaling systems he referred to
right with with watchtowers uh flashing
uh signal fires and whatnot that it was
actually that's like the original
telecommunication Network where we could
project our intellect farther and faster
into the world right we in we further
increased that core human capability of
collaboration because now we didn't need
to be with an earshot of each other we
could be at a long distance right just
just to be able to see a a signal fire
from even miles away we could
communicate certain information uh
especially when we developed codes right
like a mors code you could you could um
use by signal fire allowed us to send
information at the speed of light
essentially over over a relatively uh
relatively short distance today but at
the time a relatively long
distance and then um the second Stone AG
technology that was really impactful
were missiles and I thought this was
super cool because I've never even
thought of missiles uh on the same level
as fire or water but it it it's such a
great point because
again back to that original point of
there's never been a fair fight in the
universe so the way humans can out
compete in nature is by engaging in
predetermined unfair fights right like
we we need to engage in conflict
that we know we have an asymmetric
Advantage so we can preserve ourselves
clearly and that we can we can obtain
the most food energy for the lowest
energy expenditure right so like his
analogy do you want to go wrestle with a
lion or a bear or do you want to hit it
with a sling or an arrow from 100 yards
away right there's there's much less
energy exerted for a much higher uh
outcome of of energy consumption in the
form of food
and the slings and arrows like giving us
the power to deliver F Force faster
harder and stronger super interesting
stuff and then giving us the ability to
really develop the element of surprise
in battle right the advantage to be able
to select from where we're going to
start the engagement right from High
Ground ideally with this Sun at our back
with the wind in our face you know
downwind whatever it may be it gave
human beings the optionality to select
when and where they would engage their
prey um and just really interesting
stuff you know like I thought it was so
cool and
then that you know back to the whole
sunzu thing of terrain being the primary
element in any battle right so uh a bear
is probably the most dominant do
dominant terrestrial
creature uh whereas say in the ocean say
it's a great white shark or something
the bear is going to whip the shark on
land and the shark's going to destroy
the bear in the water so it's all about
the terrain right the terrain is the
first uh order of consideration in any
battle and by using missile technology
it lets the aggressor choose the
terrain so I just thought that was that
was super interesting um really cool
stuff and then the third
one we talked about
Hydraulics and I've thought a lot about
water um and how clearly influential and
impactful it is on our development and
you know we we are water right we're
we're constituted of 70% water um the
the old adage I think you go 3 minutes
without oxygen o 3 days without water 3
months without food you're dead so water
is you know very important to have all
time but I
hadn't you know other
than boats right and and buoyancy in
general I hadn't really thought about
the use of hydraulics and channeling
gravitational energy um and I thought it
was really cool how he brought up the
the Great Pyramids actually at least
theoretically being partially
constructed using Hy iics that they
would drill these these long tubes or
trenches and use the uh buoyancy of
water right the it's it's its polarity
acting as a resistant to gravity and
they would use that to move uh to
overcome gravity essentially and move
these giant blocks that otherwise
couldn't that we just simply could
not um and that led to the construction
of you know like the Great Pyramids and
these other Monumental constructions
that we we simply could not have
completed using raw human power right we
again had to use our intellect and
channel Energy across it to accomplish
greater Feats than we could um using
just our our god-given capabilities here
or our our physical
capabilities and I love the analogy you
know uh about the beaver being Nature's
engineer um
I
thought it's just so fascinating
that it's not like humans do have this
ability to channel Energy across their
intellect and we have the highest order
of it clearly but there is there's
something in nature too where um you
know the bivo is a great example that
he's actually he's eating these trees
that's say food and then it's also he's
constructing an environment for himself
that's conducive to reproduction right
he builds his little fort blocks the
river uh creates an entrance under the
water and then he has a safe place to to
mate and raise children it's it's as if
Nature has this impulse to become
smarter right um so although there is
this big distinction between man and
animal it just it pointed to me that
there's also a Continuum right even like
I think of a squirrel that that maybe
buries nuts for the winner he kind of
engaging in a form of delayed
gratification right it's not he's not
necessarily uh behaving like an
economist per se but he's sort of uh a
little bit closer than uh like a purely
predatory animal that maybe just eats
whenever it can uh or a bird that builds
a nest you know all these things that
that nature really is making best use of
the gifts that Earth Bears um and I
think on that Continuum humanity is just
at the far far far end right and that's
why we're so
dominant and
um I love the the example too we talking
about the mo of water as an effective
defensive technology I think this points
to a lot of history right this when say
America forked off of Great Britain uh
it was the moat of water right the
Atlantic Ocean that made it so difficult
for England to continue to project its
Dominion onto America and that's what
led to um the Revolutionary War right
and and led to American
independence and there's been a lot of
writing I read a book called the next
100 years that made a pretty emphatic
case for North America's Geographic
situation where we have Atlantic on one
side Pacific on the other um all of this
Coastal access makes us a a great
trading partner with both e east and
west
uh it gives us a massive military
advantage and that we can deploy um uh
military assets into the into both Moes
if you will very easily and um I just I
thought that was super interesting that
that whole
discussion and
then you know when he got into the met
the discussion of the Mediterranean a
little bit how it was actually the
cities around the med terranum because
it was kind of the Perfect Trading
ground a place to move goods and
services across water with super low
energy right because again we um the
description of trying to push a block by
hand versus putting on a boat you can
push it with one hand right it once we
gain the frictionless or near
frictionless of water all of the sudden
uh the utility of energy becomes super
high right we can we can
accomplish great results with very small
effort and so these cities that dotted
the inside of the the
Mediterranean uh this created a super
energy efficient network of trade right
and that's what became uh kind of the
cradle of civilization right that's
where civilization first picked up
because there was so much so much
economic density resulted from the low
energy re requirements of trade within
the Mediterranean so that's was super
fascinating that again back to the
terrain being primary to any battle even
if it's an economic battle right um just
very very good
stuff and then we got into the Romans
and how they conquered the Western
world
and the insight for me there was that
they because of the civilizing force of
trade and the interdependency they had
the Romans actually
became dominant due to their
self-organization right they were the
most organized group of humans up to
that point in history and that's why uh
they became so wealthy and they became
so Imperial right they they created so
much wealth and
civilization uh in and around that that
cradle that they actually started to
expand outwards um and they they
developed they they developed methods of
being of doing this with uh in
accordance with the seasons right so
they would go out a military campaign in
the summer and they would come back and
have their election processes uh in the
winter or whatever the exact timing was
and then they would repeat the whole
thing again um in the following year and
then they they also adapted this this
seasonal um e and flow into their
political structure right so they were
giving everyone their chance right to
make sure that the
hierarchy of that constituted their
civilization was being constantly
revivified with the most competent
people so they would you know Shed off
this this leader and let someone else be
elected um and all of that that thought
and political structure is what
underpins western civilization today
right that is that is the origin of the
democratic process as we know it today
so just so fascinating to me how deeply
connected we are to history
and this the other thing that came came
out to me was it
was the ancient Romans that realize the
value in establishing a common protocol
right so protocol being a means of
interaction or a form of interaction or
a mode of interaction like a language or
a rule set that we both abide by and
when those rules are consensually
adopted and firm right it gives us the
ability to make a lot of things
irrelevant we can kind of trust the rule
set trust that we're both going to play
by the rules and we just focus on
playing the game whereas if the rules
are messy and we don't know how uh you
know this person if this person is going
to follow the rules next year or not or
if the rules are going to change next
year or not we can't plan we don't have
we don't we don't gain that ability to
have a deeper time horizon or a lower
time preference because the rules are
mushy right we we can't trust one
another as well so there there's a
there's a connection there between the
firmness of the rules set and the
development of interpersonal trust and
the proliferation of civilization right
which which we could think of
civilization as essentially being a
lower aggregate time preference for the
the civilization right the lower their
time preference becomes the more
civilized they are and you know the
these things find their Peak expression
in in arts and culture and um uh morals
all of these things so really
interesting to me how all of that just
built itself in layers right from this
the uh Energy Efficiency and economic
density afforded by the Mediterranean
built into this civilization built into
this political structure built into this
military structure just really like
changing the way I I saw all of that
such a history lesson for me and that um
two these common protocols you know he
told the story of uh the the gentleman
on the aircraft carrier that the
potential for everyone needs their turn
it's a it's an amazingly potent
motivational Force for everyone in the
civilization and again the the Rel how I
relate to that is as a kid there was
this notion that anyone could become
president in school and maybe that was
just a silly it is a silly thing um but
just the the thought of that as a kid
seemed to be motivational right kids are
like oh yeah I'll be president one day
and so I'll get good grades and try hard
at sport and be good and you know do eat
my vegetables whatever it is it's like
because there is this incredibly High
aspirational goal you are incentivized
and even intrinsically it's an extrinsic
motivation but you find I think through
that you find an intrinsic motivation to
be your best and highest most confident
self so thought that was really
interesting that the Romans zeroed in on
that so long
ago and then
two they you know he told the story of
the Romans discovering the wrecked ship
and then they reverse engineered it and
then a few months later they built you
know a whole Fleet of these things so it
goes back to that uh concept of to never
have to never be shameful to emulate
right um what like uh imitation is the
sincerest form of flattery I guess but
in a more pragmatic sense if there is a
solution out there that works better
than what you have you can't really be
afraid to copy it and reproduce it I
mean that's sort of what the markets are
designed to do right um which gets into
why things like int property are bogus
because you can't you can't own an idea
necessarily right uh you can you can
satisfy wants to a high to the highest
degree or at the lowest cost and that's
how you'll be successful in the
marketplace but the idea of owning an
idea um you know gets us really on that
slippery slope toward totalitarianism
where um things like numbers could be
made illegal or certain words could be
owned like it just doesn't make sense so
um thought it was interesting that the
Romans really pressed their military
Advantage by readily copying ideas from
either uh their enemies or from their
their
forbears and um the other thing there
about protocols you know we mentioned
that they they laid out these political
protocols
but it's as
if by
standardizing right we were talking
about I think the the width of the wheel
which is um actually carried over to the
width of a rail track today by
standardizing onto these common
structural protocols political protocols
uh again firm R sets that they were able
to increase their efficiency
tremendously right so their their
productivity and output just
exploded um and you can think about this
even with like home construction right
if by standardizing the one type of
screw or a few types of screws for
different purposes you can produce all
of these things uh at a huge economy of
scale right so you can produce these
screws at a very low cost which would
increase uh the total output of new
homes or whatever you're constructing
with the screws versus if everyone did
their own custom screw nothing would be
interchangeable it would be hard to
produce these things at scale everything
it would localize the economy for screws
which would drastically restrict
productivity so I love I love love this
interesting connection between protocol
standardization and economic output and
prosperity thought that was super
fascinating and then you know this one
really blew me away The Credo of the
engineer as saor referred to as someone
that looks at their surroundings and
then that makes use of their intellect
and all the materials available to them
to construct a better world I mean how
beautiful is that it's poetic and it's
it seems to
me I think he said it at one point to
engineer is divine like it's so
interesting to me that that's what we
are right we are creative creatures by
definition
like as an example ask yourself what is
the purpose of a hand right what is the
purpose of your
hand it's it's a really hard question to
answer because the hand is by definition
multi-purpose right it can do so many
different things it can grip it can can
grab it can punch we can write we can
type we can think I mean all these
different things we can signal to one
another the hand is itself we we're
equipped with these Ultra multi-purpose
tools and I think in terms of humanity
trying to channel Energy across their
intellect that it is the hand is kind of
the primary output of that uh that
intent which I thought was just really
really kind of a different way to see
things for
me and then
finally he got
into natural law right which we could
Define as the pursuit
of or the right to Liberty property and
life right so the right to be free right
to freely experiment and explore so long
as you do not tread on the freedom of
others
uh the right to property which is
property is not the asset itself I'll
talk about this a lot but property is
the
relationship between the individual that
spends time investing and recreating or
making an asset and that asset so if I
go out and spend my time building a boat
a a system with sound property rights
would say that I have exclusive rights
to that boat where the the area that I
invested my time uh and energy and to
the thing that I uh spent my time and
energy to create I have exclusive rights
to that object that I can then I can
actually trade those rights with other
self- Sovereign people and that's that's
the fly will of economic activity right
so we can each specialize in a craft but
we can reliably go into the market and
obtain other things of value right we
could trade our own craft for other
things um and and satisfy all of our
wants but still just have a narrow
um scope of specialization that allows
us to become super Adept at that
particular area but that that that
adeptness benefits everyone because
we're trading it into the marketplace
right
so making the point that societies that
deeply respected natural law tend to
succeed they tend to out compete because
they are voluntary games right if we
respect natural law we respect people's
right to life to Liberty and to property
then all of a sudden they willingly
Embrace that society and they work for
it and they they'll die for it right
they that's what even the principles
America was founded upon are these
principles essentially um clearly we've
drifted a lot sense but um that is that
that's at the Bedrock of Western
civilization and
then at the opposite end of the spectrum
when you as I would say America probably
is much more closer to today
when you make a market for appeals and
excuses you're likely to get a lot more
of both right so as as a Cicero put this
really succinctly he said The more laws
the less
justice so I think it's beautiful how
the Romans embraced natural law
implemented it into their society into
their culture uh and that became the
Heritage that's pouring forth to us um
and and forming the the sediment of
Western civilization and I think it's
incumbent upon us to study this and see
how far we've drifted from where say
America was founded in 1776 to where we
are today how much the state has
actually become antithetical to this
entire process we have this super
overregulation of complex laws and you
know a commensurate uh downfall
Injustice worldwide so I hope you guys
enjoyed this episode I thought it was
just mindblowing and we're just getting
started so I'll see you back for the
next one