SaylorCorpus

The Rise of Man through The Stone and Iron Ages | The Saylor Series | Episode 1 (WiM001)

WiM Media · 2020-11-22 · 2h 15m · View on YouTube →

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technologies that are dominating

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today they're dominating because they're

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to deliver

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Force faster harder stronger

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smarter so if we ask the question what

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is money money is the highest form of

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energy that human beings can Channel

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Bitcoin is channeling human

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Ingenuity into making it

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better and and every commodity is

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channeling human energy into making it

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worse the low brow or or the the the

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historic colloquial term is hotal right

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hold on for dear life or just hold or

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save whatever and the highbrow term

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would be adopt as a treasure Reserve

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asset hey everyone welcome to episode

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one of the what is money show I'm your

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host Robert

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Breedlove uh and our purpose in this

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show in general is the pursuit of

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Truth uh we're going to explore many

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topics in depth and many of them will

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take us down the proverbial Bitcoin

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Point Rabbit Hole by pursuing what I

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call is the rabbit and the rabbit is

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that question that all important

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question what is money and this question

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is a seemingly inexhaustible generator

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of answers uh that have continuously

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reshaped my perspectives on the world um

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and I I think they will for you as well

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and our first episode is part of a long

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series with Michael sailor who's the CEO

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of micro

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strategy uh Michael is the latest and

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arguably the greatest proponent of

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Bitcoin and uh an ally for the space and

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its battle for truth and freedom in the

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world and Michael is uh as I said he's

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he's the leader of micro strategy micro

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strategy is a NASDAQ listed business

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intelligence firm so Michael has very

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deep experience in the fields of

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Technology uh Network

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architecture um things like this and in

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fact uh he was actually educated in the

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domain of scientific Paradigm shifts and

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uh the impact of technology on

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civilization and 10 years ago Michael

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actually wrote a book called The Mobile

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wave that uh depicted many of the

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impacts that he saw um say Fang stocks

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would have on the world so Facebook

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Apple Amazon uh Netflix Google he had

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laid out a case an investment case

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largely for these these companies um and

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their their dominance in in the global

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Marketplace and clearly over the past 10

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years as we we sit now in 2020 those

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stocks have been uh standout performers

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and have become in many ways uh the new

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dominant monopolies in the world today

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so Michael has a very deep understanding

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of these these topics that I think

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actually predisposed him to gaining a

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rapid understanding of Bitcoin uh and as

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you'll see uh or as you may have heard

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in other interviews he really entered

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the Bitcoin space in 2020 and got uh

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very deep into the rabbit hole very

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quickly in the wake of the the co Global

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lockdown situation so uh Michael's a

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very intelligent guy very high energy

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very hardworking um and I think his

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acceleration into the Bitcoin Rabbit

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Hole also demonstrates that a lot of

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this Trail has been blazed before him so

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we've a lot of Bitcoin maximalists have

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laid the foundation for others to gain a

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more rapid and clear understanding of

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the impact of

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Bitcoin uh and in the wake of that as

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you all probably know but you may have

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not heard uh Michael's firm micro

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strategy actually named Bitcoin as its

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primary treasury Reserve asset uh they

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initially invested $425 million into

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Bitcoin and then Michael personally uh

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publicly disclosed it he holds about

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17,000 Bitcoin himself so uh he's got a

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lot of skin in the game to say the least

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and um I think you'll see why as we go

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through some of

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this uh so in this what we're calling

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the Sailor series uh we're going to

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start from the first principles of

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energy of anthropology of technology and

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really build a solid foundation for

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gaining a deep understanding of

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bitcoin's potential impact on the

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world um and Michael and I to craft this

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this series we iterated on a discussion

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framework and we finally arrived at his

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overarching thesis uh which is kind

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enough to lay out in a very uh

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sophisticated form and he goes very deep

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on the topics we've laid out here um

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which starts kind of very early like

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Stone Age and we build all the way into

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modernity so this is a long uh long

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narrative Arc but super fascinating very

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interesting stuff and clearly it takes

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us some time to build up to bitcoin but

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the the journey itself it's purposeful

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and it's well worth it um so we've

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divided the content itself into

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timestamped chapters and sub chapters uh

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we' We've chopped it into a bunch of

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episodes each episode is comprised of

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chapters and then two those chapters

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there are sub chapters uh we'll have

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time stamps available both in the video

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bar and in the description to the video

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and the early episodes will include a

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lot of Michael talking so a lot of

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uh him kind of speaking solo about his

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his uh Bedrock thesis on on energy and

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anthropology and Technology things like

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this and then as we build into modernity

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into Bitcoin it will become much more of

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a dialogue and conversation as we go

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back and forth uh about Bitcoin and

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things of that nature so I realize this

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is really long form content but I assure

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you and promise you you're going to find

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it deeply meaningful uh I myself

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found I the feeling of chills at times

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you know there were various epiphanies I

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had going through this which I'll

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articulate in some of the outros to the

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episodes um but it's just this is

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dynamite content and I think it's a

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great um view into the mind of Michael

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sailor um and it's very it makes a very

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powerful case uh for Bitcoin and and how

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much is going to to reshape the world so

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I I promise you that you'll find You

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know despite the time it may take you

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you're going to find this extremely

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intellectually satisfying perhaps even

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philosophically satisfying uh we go

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really deep on a lot of topics so hope

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you hope you enjoy it and you know I

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firmly believe the insights that come

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out of this will actually reshape your

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worldview so if this is the kind of

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content you're interested in and you're

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really interested at at going deep and

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getting to Truth uh I think you're in

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the right place today so with that uh

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let's jump into episode one of the

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Sailor series here on the what is money

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show Michael sailor thank you for

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joining me well happy to be here Robert

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thanks for inviting me so for a man that

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runs a company named micro strategy you

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may have just executed the most

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brilliant macroeconomic strategy there

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has ever

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been how does it

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feel uh it's been a busy uh a busy

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quarter I would

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say really busy there's been a a year

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you know January 1 of this year the year

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started out one way and then uh it

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became something all together different

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March and uh it became something all

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together different Again by

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June and uh now we're in

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September and I you know I look back on

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it and

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certainly there's a lot of things I

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didn't expect

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and I joke with people you know if I

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gotten what I

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wanted I wouldn't have gotten what I

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needed I wouldn't have been nearly as

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successful if at any point in time I got

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what I wanted I'm sure this is not what

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I wanted when I started the year and for

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a while I thought it wasn't it wasn't

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terribly a good thing but now as we move

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toward the end of the year you know I I

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see the silver lining here and I'm glad

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these things happened which is uh which

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fascinating yeah so it sounds like the

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world in a lot of ways got a wakeup call

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this year right on a lot of different

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levels and um for you particularly it

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was the the melting ice you were sitting

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on that maybe started to melt a little

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faster yeah you know there's there's two

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there's two quotes from Lenin's

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era there's a

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try's quote you may not be interested in

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war but war is interested in

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you and this year we we launched one war

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on covid and another war on currency and

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so we were caught up in kind of two Wars

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in two dimensions and then there's

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Lenin's quote you know there are decades

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when nothing happens and there are weeks

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when decades happen right and this was

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that year in both of those ways

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and uh I'm grateful that that our

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company is an Enterprise software

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company we our value proposition is we

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ship software to large Enterprises to

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help them think better and the value

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proposition is intact if not even uh

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even uh improved by all of the changes

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this year and our our cost structure and

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our operational systems the way we

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operate we we uh dramatically impacted

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and we had to adjust but I I would say

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this was the year that digital

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transformation went from being a

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bromide or um or

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diance to being something that you you

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really had to internalize this was the

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year that digital trans transformation

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really did transform you you know the

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core of your being it I mean it

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transformed my ideas about money it

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transformed my ideas about sales

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marketing and services it transformed my

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ideas about what product offering we

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should deliver to the market it

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transformed my ideas about the

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marketplace and the future in general

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and it's been thrown around as a

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buzzword for a decade maybe for two or

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three decades but this is the year when

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you kind of got it viscerally in your

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bones you had been bragging your feet

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the least

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amount yeah I think it's a great great

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points there and as if the world wasn't

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changing quickly enough right as we

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progressed further into this digital age

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it's as if Co was just a massive

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accelerant on the entire

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process um so not only are things you

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know transforming much more quickly now

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moving to digital much more quickly but

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are likely to change even more quickly

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expon potentially so into the future so

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you know with that the the theme of this

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conversation today um is deep

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conversations and I know you're a deep

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thinker and I I've really appreciated

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the media work you've been doing um and

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the voice you've brought to the Bitcoin

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community and I'd like to jump in as

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kind of like first principles a look at

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history and what got us to today what

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got us to this digital age that's

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changing so quickly and where do we see

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going um and I I know you've thought

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deeply about this and you know maybe we

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could start just at the beginning so to

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speak with with historic

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technology

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okay well the I mean the phrase that

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runs through my head

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is is

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um there's never been such a thing as a

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fight humans have been struggling for

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millions of years right

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in order to rise uh first to become the

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you know the apex predator in nature but

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if you look at our struggle against

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nature there's never such thing as a

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fair fight I remember

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seeing Eagles Fly along a a mountain

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side it'll home in on a goat or and it

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focuses on a baby goat not the not the

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parent goat catches it from behind grabs

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its foot and drags it off a cliff and

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then backs off and waits while the goat

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goes bang bang bang and hits rocks every

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50 feet and is smashed to death 500 feet

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below where the eagle circles down lands

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on the goat eats it leisurely W yeah

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nothing fair about it if you know you

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feel sorry for the goat and then you

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realize this is not a human being this

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is nature it's not fair then you see

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lions and it's not like one lion chases

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down one gazelle

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it's eight lions

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chase 67 gazelle into a Channel with

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three other Lions waiting and one

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gazelle is forced to take the right side

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because it gets crowded out by the other

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16 gazelle and that one bam this dead

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for no other reason other than it just

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happened to be on the right side of the

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her and there's nothing fair about it

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you know Nature's not fair and when you

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think about the plight of man the

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amazing thing is we

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actually evolved right to be to be the

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Apex creature on this planet you know

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because a single individual on their own

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has almost no chance right like there's

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's that scene in Jurassic

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Park and there's the bully and he's just

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as mean to the

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little whatever the little dinosaur

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creature like some kind of small Raptor

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and it's like the size of a little dog

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and he kind of kicks it around and he's

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a bully and a SST and then there's a

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point where he gets trapped in the park

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and he's walking and he sees that little

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creature and it nips it his legs and he

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kicks it and then he turns around and he

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sees it's got a friend and there's two

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of them and he looks around again and

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there's four of them and then they jump

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on them and he knocks them off and then

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there's 16 of

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them and then there's this overarch and

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then they all jump on him and he fights

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them off and he gets up and he runs and

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now there's 32 of them and then you you

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know the the human being right the

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modern the modern uh American that lives

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in their world of shopping centers and

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cars and air conditioned hous and locked

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doors and 911 and policemen they can

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call and a feeling of safety and they

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look at nature through a

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zoo right and they look through the bars

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and that's nature or it's in paintings

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and it's all just so romantic right they

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don't have this view of

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nature The View when there's 64 of those

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things and the over the the horrifying

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realization that that guy is sure is

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dead he's dead man walking he's going to

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die there's not a damn thing he can do

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it doesn't matter if he has a bazooka it

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doesn't matter if he has a machine gun

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it doesn't matter he's going to at some

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point in the next 48 hours he's going to

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fall asleep and they're going to eat

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him and that's the Human Condition so

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when you think about that three million

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years ago and your first question is how

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do we even make it here it's pretty

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obvious that in that circumstance if

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you're alone you're dead you're going to

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have to have someone to guard your back

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right and and you know my heart goes out

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to that you know the Adam and Eve right

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who wherever they were you needed two

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three four you needed a tribe you needed

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someone to watch because when you fall

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asleep something is going to eat you

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watch a pack of wolves hunt the one that

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kills you isn't attacking from the front

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you're you're not going to get to fight

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it off it's going to be an asymmetric

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attack from the rear while you're asleep

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and uh and so the importance of human

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beings using their brains and thinking

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is uh is incredibly important and you

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start to figure out H how do we survive

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in a hostile

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Universe we we have to figure out how we

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can get harder smarter

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faster and

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stronger and uh that's

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that takes us to the to the beginning of

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man so if I look back at Stone Age

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Technology and you ask how how do we

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even emerge uh from this you know

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incredible terrifying

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scrum and uh there's just key

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Technologies uh that you you decide you

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kind of like in a hurry right one of

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them is

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fire one of them is

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missiles one of them is Hydraulics and

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so there's a lot more we could talk

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about but if we start with fire fire is

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like the Prime energy network of the

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human race it all started for us with

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channeling energy and um when you start

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fire uh and what fire is a chain

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reaction right where we're releasing the

0:18:47

latent energy in matter we're converting

0:18:50

matter into energy right which is like

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stored sunlight we're releasing right

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stored yeah stored sunlight you're that

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human being and you want to rise above

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the Tigers and the packs of wolves and

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the other creatures and the snakes and

0:19:06

the jungle how are you g to do that

0:19:08

you're going to have to tap into and

0:19:11

channel energy and that's why Prometheus

0:19:15

has such a incredible Mythic Place

0:19:20

Prometheus is to Satoshi right as fire

0:19:24

is the Bitcoin bitcoin's a fire it's a

0:19:28

fire in cyers space and most people

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don't realize it but but it has its uh

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it has its antecedence right and fire

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came along first and when you think

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about what it means and most people

0:19:41

don't they don't necessarily think very

0:19:43

hard about it you always had it

0:19:46

right if you're an individual what can

0:19:49

you do with fire well you can start by

0:19:52

by starting a fireus you don't freeze to

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death that's pretty useful you know the

0:19:59

fire will scare away the animal so I

0:20:01

start the fire I can I can sleep around

0:20:03

it and I cannot freeze I can also put it

0:20:05

around my camp and then maybe something

0:20:08

that other like a snake that would have

0:20:09

slithered in and eaten me will go away I

0:20:13

can scare away insects and smoke away

0:20:16

insects with it that's useful I can hunt

0:20:19

with it I can start a fire and I can

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drive the prey away from the fire you

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know and if I'm smart I drive the prey

0:20:27

from the fire off Cliff I wait for them

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to trip I go to the bottom of the cliff

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I find one that broke its neck you ever

0:20:35

get in a fight with a horse or a fight

0:20:37

with hippopotamus or an elephant It's

0:20:40

Not Gon to end well this idea of heroic

0:20:44

hand-to-hand combat is a great idea in

0:20:47

the movies it's an awful idea in in

0:20:51

reality and if you went back a million

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years you would find that that uh your

0:20:57

great great great great great whatever

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grandparent thought you're pretty

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freaking stupid to fight hand onand with

0:21:06

anything or

0:21:07

anyone so I hunt with it I cook with it

0:21:12

there's a you know there's a lot of

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biologist that make and the Paleo

0:21:17

theorists that make a very compelling

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argument that that human anatomy

0:21:22

actually evolve because we mastered fire

0:21:25

and when you're cooking something you're

0:21:26

pre-digestion it and if you predigest

0:21:29

something not only do you increase the

0:21:31

scope of the foods that you can consume

0:21:35

you also accelerate and and you increase

0:21:38

the efficiency with which you convert

0:21:40

that food into calories Maybe by a

0:21:42

factor of 10 to one or 20 to one and if

0:21:45

you can actually metabolize the food 10

0:21:48

times more efficiently your digestive

0:21:51

tract shortens and the energy that your

0:21:54

body expends in order to digest food can

0:21:57

be redirected

0:21:59

probably to your brain right animals

0:22:02

that don't cook food have small brains

0:22:04

animals that a human being can cook food

0:22:08

can can have a very short digestive

0:22:10

tract can eat anything we're an

0:22:12

omnivores we can go anywhere we can

0:22:15

metabolize calories that are very

0:22:17

efficient we can eat only takes us 10 or

0:22:19

15 minutes a day to get all the calories

0:22:21

we need there are animals have to graze

0:22:24

all day to get the C they

0:22:26

need so fire is is critical for that

0:22:30

it's critical for seeing right you you

0:22:33

you you Channel your fire and you can

0:22:36

light up a cave you can light up a camp

0:22:39

you can light up a tent you can line up

0:22:41

any area and with the seeing comes

0:22:44

communicating you ever travel through

0:22:46

the um the ancient world you see they

0:22:48

have all these watchtowers the Romans

0:22:50

built

0:22:51

watchtowers you put a fire in the tower

0:22:54

you can see it from Miles and Miles Away

0:22:56

you create a signal system a certain

0:22:58

presumptive arrogance or ignorance

0:23:00

amongst modern modern men we think that

0:23:03

kind of everything worth doing was done

0:23:04

in the past 2,000 years or 3,000 years I

0:23:08

kind of figure a 100 thousand years ago

0:23:10

people were doing all this stuff they we

0:23:12

might not have the writings of it but

0:23:17

but uh they were pretty

0:23:18

smart so I'm gonna use the fire for all

0:23:22

those things and eventually for

0:23:25

communicating but once I figure that out

0:23:28

I can use it for hardening right I can I

0:23:30

can cook things right I could I could

0:23:32

Harden the the tip of spear right I can

0:23:36

I can use it to work metals and

0:23:38

eventually we used it to work metals and

0:23:40

that ushered us into you know from the

0:23:43

Stone Age to the Bronze Age to the Iron

0:23:45

Age um you you know fire is intrinsic to

0:23:49

manufacturing processes all sorts of

0:23:52

manufacturing processes and of course I

0:23:56

give you a thousand acres of um of

0:23:58

forest Robert how you going to clear

0:24:06

it sounds like fire would be the easiest

0:24:06

way tractor and 100,000 BC fire you're

0:24:10

gonna burn it yeah yeah right so I mean

0:24:13

every you know everybody talks about or

0:24:16

I see these these discussions oh yeah

0:24:19

well paleo man they're all hunter

0:24:20

gatherers and they're just like walking

0:24:22

around chasing after things that are

0:24:24

running away from them I doubt it yeah

0:24:29

like like if I dropped you into 100,000

0:24:33

BC I don't think you would on solo chase

0:24:36

after a bunch of stuff with four legs I

0:24:40

think you would start by finding a you

0:24:43

know a canyon and start a fire on one

0:24:46

end and dig a trench on the other end

0:24:48

and let something a Mastadon trip on it

0:24:51

and break its neck it's sort of life's

0:24:54

way to take the most energy efficient

0:24:56

strategy right that's why the the eagle

0:24:59

would drop the goat off the cliff and

0:25:01

let gravity do its work right instead of

0:25:03

trying to fight it out um and it's it's

0:25:06

interesting that you you bring up fire

0:25:08

and it's it's almost as if we were using

0:25:11

it to energize our strategies in the

0:25:13

world right and uh I think as you put it

0:25:16

earlier um channeling it channeling

0:25:19

energy through our intellect and I think

0:25:21

the one piece that maybe we didn't hit

0:25:23

on as much is the the intellect itself

0:25:26

develops through trade and interaction

0:25:29

right that's how we are more than the

0:25:31

sum of our parts is by cooperation and

0:25:33

that that's sort of the kernel of all

0:25:35

economics right we have we have these

0:25:37

ideas we swap them they become better

0:25:39

over time and we get to energize better

0:25:41

and better strategies the phrase right

0:25:43

you're playing with fire be careful you

0:25:45

might get burned yeah exactly and uh

0:25:50

what what makes human beings unique is

0:25:53

is as far as I can see they're the only

0:25:56

animal that plays with fire yeah

0:25:59

and and from the point we started to

0:26:01

play with fire we started to evolve at a

0:26:03

very rapid rate genetically Evol we

0:26:06

evolved intellectually we evolved

0:26:09

sociologically we evolved and we talk

0:26:12

about the fire of truth and the fire of

0:26:14

Faith you know it's like or The Keeper

0:26:17

of the flame you know and The Keeper of

0:26:19

the flame really means something if you

0:26:22

have a a city a village a civilization a

0:26:26

tribe and you've got a fire and it goes

0:26:29

you might very well die you don't want

0:26:31

that fire to go

0:26:33

out I mean uh Bitcoin and the Bitcoin

0:26:36

blockchain is a fire we don't want it to

0:26:39

go out either we talk you know we talk

0:26:42

about feeding the fire of Bitcoin and we

0:26:45

talk about feeding the fire of faith and

0:26:47

and and U simply uh being The Keeper of

0:26:52

flame it was an old idea thousands and

0:26:55

thousands of years ago I suspect fact

0:26:58

it's the difference between life and

0:27:00

death for Humanity for a million years

0:27:03

and uh when you've got fire you you know

0:27:07

you started the fire it's all good but

0:27:09

now I want you to like go back 100,000

0:27:11

years and be running around in 42 degree

0:27:13

temperature while it's raining on you or

0:27:16

what happens when it goes to 20 degrees

0:27:18

if it's cold and you

0:27:20

wet and the fire goes out you're going

0:27:24

die right this is it's not an academic

0:27:28

thing it's a it's a serious thing so

0:27:31

human beings harnessed fire and it made

0:27:34

all the difference and then Along Comes

0:27:38

the the next set of thoughts right if if

0:27:41

you can harness fire maybe you can

0:27:42

develop a brain and maybe you'll live

0:27:45

long enough to use it the next

0:27:48

observation is you know you ever rustle

0:27:50

around with a lion or a tiger or a bear

0:27:54

pick any animal that you wish to kill

0:27:56

and you have a russler you ever wrestle

0:27:58

with a dog that weighs 880 pounds not

0:28:01

easy would you like to fight with one

0:28:05

how do you feel about fighting with 10

0:28:07

how do you feel about trying to running

0:28:09

these things down you know that I I read

0:28:12

about you know in Runners world right

0:28:16

Runners all they want to tell you about

0:28:17

how humans were always made to run you

0:28:19

know because ancient mankind chased its

0:28:22

prey it could run 20 miles a day or 30

0:28:24

miles a day and we just run them down

0:28:27

until they get tired

0:28:29

okay well that that's one idea and and

0:28:32

oh maybe we did but you ever try to

0:28:35

catch something that's running away from

0:28:37

you while you're hungry around dinner

0:28:39

time I I don't really want to run for 20

0:28:42

hours straight until I Tire it to death

0:28:45

I have a better idea which is hit it

0:28:48

with a missile and by I I really mean

0:28:50

literally missiles I mean I mean a sling

0:28:54

A Primitive sling or I mean an

0:28:56

arrow and I think they found arrowheads

0:28:59

that go back 100 thousand years I mean

0:29:01

like they're they're old most people

0:29:04

think of a slingshot and they think um

0:29:07

they think about the kids slingshot with

0:29:09

the rubber band and and uh and the light

0:29:11

the kids play with but um like David and

0:29:16

Goliath sling right yeah if you study uh

0:29:19

Roman history and you go back a thousand

0:29:21

years before Rome they had Slingers I

0:29:24

mean the bolic islands like ABA they

0:29:26

were very famous for slingers

0:29:29

and if you read about them what they'll

0:29:30

say in the ancient text is is the

0:29:34

natives of the Bic Islands were raised

0:29:38

from age three before they could speak

0:29:41

they were raised to operate a sling the

0:29:44

sling is about six to eight feet long

0:29:47

it's made of animal

0:29:49

fiber and uh you know you not throw a

0:29:52

baseball and you've seen highly right if

0:29:54

I increase the lever at the end and if

0:29:57

your arm was 12 feet long you generate

0:30:00

some serious leverage a whip action so

0:30:03

those slings give the average person the

0:30:06

equivalent of a of a 10 foot long or 12

0:30:10

long probably 10 foot long arm and they

0:30:14

practice with those for years from age

0:30:18

three you can imagine after 15 years of

0:30:21

practicing you get pretty good and they

0:30:24

weren't slinging little light ston or

0:30:28

the that you pick up on the on the

0:30:31

um Seashore they're actually forming

0:30:34

lead bullets okay everybody thinks oh

0:30:38

yeah bullets are from Guns well they're

0:30:40

not I mean people invented bullets

0:30:42

thousands of years before

0:30:45

guns guns were just the latest idea of

0:30:48

putting bullets together with

0:30:50

gunpowder um the lead bullets probably

0:30:53

came along 10,000

0:30:56

BC and maybe more maybe 100,000 BC this

0:31:00

is a straightforward idea if your life

0:31:02

depended upon it you would figure it out

0:31:04

and the figuring out is you get yourself

0:31:07

a very dense bullet you put it in a

0:31:09

sling you you ever seen a good pitcher a

0:31:13

good pitcher can place the

0:31:15

ball what 90 feet away plus or minus

0:31:20

inches can a good pitcher hit you in the

0:31:22

head if you're standing on the

0:31:24

plate okay now imagine someone that's

0:31:29

catching a 1 in or half inch Stone

0:31:33

bullet or bullet a lead

0:31:36

bullet from 50 yards away that can hit

0:31:40

you in the head every

0:31:42

time because the Romans say they

0:31:45

could okay right now you so now think

0:31:49

about that and this is how bad it is

0:31:51

right we talk about this in a bit but

0:31:54

but to make the

0:31:56

point these guys could stand 100 meters

0:31:59

200 meters off and from 200 meters off

0:32:03

they could actually hit an animal in the

0:32:06

head or another human being in the head

0:32:09

but it didn't matter if they hit you in

0:32:10

the head if they hit you in a torso

0:32:12

they're GNA rupture your ribs and you're

0:32:14

gonna and you may have organ failure

0:32:16

there's even

0:32:17

stories you know Li Livy when he writes

0:32:20

about the Second Punic War he writes

0:32:23

about Roman

0:32:24

Slingers you know and they sling so many

0:32:27

of these things that they that they

0:32:29

pretty much break all the bones of the

0:32:31

Galls Bel beneath their

0:32:35

armor if wearing leather armor their

0:32:38

ribs are broken and if they're not

0:32:40

wearing leather armor and they get hit

0:32:42

just like getting hit with a bullet in

0:32:43

your helmet it may still give you

0:32:45

concussion they're getting

0:32:47

concussions it was never a fair fight no

0:32:51

try try taking your your 8 foot long

0:32:56

Spear and having a fair fight with a

0:32:58

wolf or a p a pack of wolves no right a

0:33:02

bear no Humanity wouldn't be here if we

0:33:05

hunted or defended

0:33:07

ourself using Spears or using I mean s

0:33:11

these things these short close quarter

0:33:13

swords and clubs they're all very

0:33:15

romantic and they film well in Hollywood

0:33:19

movies you know and they're great

0:33:20

gladiatorial combat because you got the

0:33:23

you've got the two adversaries that are

0:33:25

in the same frame right but if you go

0:33:28

back a million years the adversaries

0:33:30

were never in the same frame if you made

0:33:33

it this far and you were a human being

0:33:36

you mastered the art of of Death from

0:33:38

Above I mean right killed from a

0:33:41

distance and nobody knew that you were

0:33:43

there it's not a modern invention Not

0:33:46

only would you stand back 50 meters or a

0:33:49

100 meters you would stand up and by the

0:33:53

way you would be up you know at the top

0:33:56

of of the hill where you gravity working

0:33:58

for you that gives you more range you

0:34:01

would be

0:34:02

back if you're really smart Robert like

0:34:04

if I if I told you there's a bunch of

0:34:07

whatever creatures on the plane and any

0:34:10

one of them can eat you or trample you

0:34:13

wouldn't you like to stand up 20 feet on

0:34:16

a cliff that they cannot run up stand up

0:34:19

20 feet above them wait for them to come

0:34:22

by blast them either with a with a sling

0:34:25

or use a a bow and

0:34:28

arrow and if you miss what happens if

0:34:33

miss just load up and go again right how

0:34:36

many chances do you get

0:34:39

yeah I think do you run out of bullets

0:34:42

right now what happens if you walk down

0:34:43

on the plane with your beautiful spear

0:34:46

and sword with all of your bu standing

0:34:49

next to you and fight it out risk of

0:34:53

Ruin can never never take that on I

0:34:55

think this is very interesting and it it

0:34:58

also highlights another difference that

0:35:01

we have from animals I know that humans

0:35:03

are one of the few animals uh that rely

0:35:06

on visual Acuity as their primary sense

0:35:08

I think it's humans and predatory Birds

0:35:11

um and then it also comes down to our

0:35:13

dexterity right the the our ability to

0:35:16

handle and manipulate bow and arrow

0:35:18

sling these types of missile weapons um

0:35:22

just sort of highlights again kind of a

0:35:25

difference in in us and everyone else

0:35:27

and those two things too are both

0:35:28

intimately related with speech and

0:35:30

thought and and other tool making so I

0:35:32

think that's very interesting you think

0:35:35

about the idea of missiles right I need

0:35:37

my eyes I need my brain I need to set up

0:35:40

the Kill Zone oh by the way I left off

0:35:42

one I one other observation

0:35:51

right it's 500,000 years ago you want to

0:35:52

something you're down uh you're downwind

0:35:55

from it the Sun is to your back you're

0:35:59

above it and you have a missile and

0:36:02

hopefully you have a channel right if

0:36:05

you really want but it's like you really

0:36:07

want to

0:36:08

live that's you're gonna go find that

0:36:11

spot you're gonna say at this point in

0:36:13

the day the Sun is going to be to my

0:36:15

back the wind prevailing winds are going

0:36:17

to be blowing in my face I'm going to be

0:36:21

20 feet up oh there's a path up here but

0:36:24

guess what I'm gonna block that path

0:36:26

because I don't want the running up to

0:36:28

eat me once I start K it right then I'm

0:36:31

gonna I got 100 missiles and again it's

0:36:35

not a fair fight and there's only two

0:36:37

types of human beings there's the type

0:36:39

that figured that out and that's your

0:36:43

grandparents and there's the type that

0:36:45

were a bit sloppy about one of those

0:36:47

things and they didn't it they're gone

0:36:51

this all this all calls to mind uh sunzo

0:36:54

author of the The Art of War I I'm going

0:36:57

to paraphrase here but he said terrain

0:36:59

is the most important aspect of any

0:37:01

battle it's almost like the smart

0:37:03

general only goes into battle

0:37:04

essentially knowing that he's won based

0:37:07

on these preparations like you're

0:37:08

describing right Sun at your back wind

0:37:10

at your back high on the hill undercover

0:37:13

plenty of

0:37:14

missiles technologies that are

0:37:16

dominating

0:37:18

today they're dominating because they're

0:37:22

to deliver

0:37:25

Force faster harder stronger stronger

0:37:28

smarter like how if you're going to

0:37:31

dominate how do you deliver

0:37:34

Force Harder Faster stronger smarter and

0:37:39

um I could think of a hundred examples

0:37:42

in history and and they all you tend to

0:37:45

see those things

0:37:48

so if uh if it's got the characteristic

0:37:51

that it can be made harder it can be

0:37:54

made smarter it can be made stronger it

0:37:56

can be made faster there's something

0:37:59

compelling about it that's why digital

0:38:03

gold is thousands of times better than

0:38:07

gold because you've got all those

0:38:09

Dimensions to work on that's

0:38:12

why the the natural creature gold is a

0:38:17

rock a bear is a bear a Macedon is a

0:38:21

Macedon they're not getting harder

0:38:24

faster stronger smarter they're just

0:38:27

doing what they do human

0:38:30

beings are but only because of

0:38:33

innovation and so so missiles are just a

0:38:37

tool but they're illustrative fire is an

0:38:40

energy Network an an energy source it's

0:38:43

a it's a battery an energy source and

0:38:46

and you can deliver it in a certain way

0:38:49

and then that takes us to Hydraulics

0:38:51

which

0:38:51

is which is um Power from water and

0:38:55

water is a network and uh we talk about

0:38:59

Elemental forces Fire and Water right

0:39:03

well you ever look at the ocean and what

0:39:05

the ocean does right wave action is

0:39:09

incredible energy but um another source

0:39:13

of energy is buoyancy right you I

0:39:16

take you ever try to pick up a 2,000

0:39:19

pound weight and carry it on your back

0:39:21

up a hill or just

0:39:23

across put a 2,000 pound weight on a you

0:39:27

know on a a carriage put it on the back

0:39:30

of a donkey drag it on

0:39:33

skids problem right and this particular

0:39:36

case can't be solved with fire we can't

0:39:38

easily burn it on the other hand if you

0:39:42

needed to move 2,000 pounds you put it

0:39:43

on a barge you put it in the water and

0:39:47

the water pushes back 2,000 pounds and I

0:39:50

can push it with one

0:39:52

hand and uh this is a fast the the

0:39:56

Mastery of hydraulics is

0:39:57

fascinating I went to MIT mit's mascot

0:40:02

is a beaver and we all we have rings

0:40:05

that have the beaver on them and they

0:40:06

talk about you know why are you the

0:40:07

beavers and the answer is the beaver is

0:40:10

Nature's engineer and the Beaver is this

0:40:14

you know nearsighted short waddling

0:40:18

creature it shows up looks around sees

0:40:22

the water

0:40:23

flowing you know and what it can just be

0:40:27

I I don't know Bobcat bait or whatever

0:40:30

bear bear dinner or it can do something

0:40:32

about it and and what the what the

0:40:35

beaver does is just pretty unbelievable

0:40:37

the beaver starts chopping down trees

0:40:40

but first the beaver figures out where

0:40:42

to chop down the trees then the beaver

0:40:44

chops down the trees then the beaver

0:40:46

turns the trees into a dam then the then

0:40:49

the beaver you know it channels the

0:40:52

river into the dam creates a pond floods

0:40:55

the pond it's like it's the terrain

0:40:58

after it's got the pond it creates a

0:41:00

lodge in the middle of the pond with an

0:41:03

entrance underwater and then it creates

0:41:05

its life in that Lodge that pond water

0:41:11

water is Elemental to life and that pond

0:41:15

creates a creates an elemental it

0:41:17

creates a vibrant ecosystem and in that

0:41:20

ecosystem lots of things grow yeah but

0:41:24

for the most and lots of creatures

0:41:25

benefit I mean the ecological diversity

0:41:28

improves and and uh it's good for all

0:41:31

the plant life it's good for all the

0:41:32

wildlife people lament the loss of the

0:41:34

Beaver screws up forest and the Beaver

0:41:38

is just doing its thing and if there's a

0:41:40

if there's a storm and the dam gets

0:41:42

messed up the beaver swims out in the

0:41:44

middle of the thunderstorm or hurricane

0:41:47

or whatever it is and fixes the dam it's

0:41:50

a very industrious creature and you just

0:41:53

kind of sit back and you and you're in

0:41:56

awe and you think wow how did a creature

0:41:58

figure that out and then and then what

0:42:00

does that mean to

0:42:02

humanity of course it means a lot to

0:42:06

humanity I I've been all over the

0:42:08

world and um like I've been to the

0:42:12

desert I've been to Riad I've been to

0:42:15

UAE I've been I've been uh to Singapore

0:42:19

I've been to Miami Beach people think

0:42:22

oil is money they think oil is power

0:42:25

they think you know that

0:42:27

and and let me tell you oil's not oil is

0:42:32

not it's not really power it's not

0:42:35

wealth water is

0:42:38

wealth water is the key to life if I

0:42:42

gave you 10 billion

0:42:44

dollar in as much land as you wanted in

0:42:49

desert you can't create life you know

0:42:53

the cost for you to create a pond in the

0:42:56

desert the cost for you to actually

0:42:57

create a park with oak trees if I gave

0:43:01

you10 billion you know you would and you

0:43:04

lived in the desert Robert what would

0:43:06

you do with the

0:43:07

money what's the first thing you would

0:43:11

do buy Bitcoin and exit the

0:43:20

desert spoken like a progressive what if

0:43:20

you so let's parse that what if you

0:43:22

didn't know about Bitcoin and I gave you

0:43:24

the 10 billion doll and you lived in the

0:43:26

desert you'd be looking for treading

0:43:28

partners with water you'd exit the

0:43:32

desert right so it's what do they do you

0:43:35

buy yourself a jet you buy yourself a

0:43:38

villa in the south of France you buy

0:43:41

yourself a yacht that floats in the med

0:43:44

you know and then you figure

0:43:46

out how to live your life

0:43:50

because the cost to grow a palm tree in

0:43:53

the desert is 20,000 a year you want a

0:43:57

100 palm

0:43:58

trees it's $2 million a year to have 100

0:44:02

palm trees you want you want four acres

0:44:06

of grass in the

0:44:08

desert you have you have 100 million a

0:44:12

year for 10 acres of grass by the way

0:44:15

you still can't have it even if if you

0:44:18

spend a hundred million dollars a year

0:44:20

to put 10 acres of grass in the desert

0:44:23

the sandstorm comes and it wipes you out

0:44:27

water is Elemental to life we

0:44:30

underestimate how important it is until

0:44:33

you start paying to create it and yeah

0:44:36

you can stay alive in the desert but um

0:44:40

but uh you know a person making $5,000 a

0:44:44

year that lives in a city that has parks

0:44:48

and rainfall and um and a a temperature

0:44:52

a nice temperature lives better than a

0:44:55

billionaire in the desert right it's

0:44:58

just it's just that powerful now coming

0:44:59

back to

0:45:01

Hydraulics you

0:45:07

know Hydraulics will generate power

0:45:07

right I can harness I can harness

0:45:09

running water running down a hill and

0:45:11

create a turbine and I can create a mill

0:45:14

with that that's interesting again back

0:45:16

to the hunter gatherer

0:45:19

thing people if you dropped me 100,000

0:45:23

years

0:45:24

ago and you said okay well my use your

0:45:27

brain go hunt and gather I'd be like

0:45:29

screw that what would I do I would go

0:45:33

find a

0:45:34

stream with a little bit of elevation

0:45:37

you know Mount maybe a mountain stream

0:45:39

that had fresh water because you can

0:45:40

drink

0:45:41

it and I'd find a big enough one that

0:45:44

had fish in

0:45:45

it and then I would find a point where I

0:45:48

could divert the stream to create a pond

0:45:51

I mean if the beaver can do it I can

0:45:53

probably do

0:45:54

it I would do some Di

0:45:57

I would divert the stream I would create

0:46:01

lock and at that point in the year when

0:46:04

the salmon or the whatever are running I

0:46:05

might just flip that lock and I would

0:46:08

actually divert the stream into my pond

0:46:11

and create myself you know maybe it's a

0:46:14

100 foot wide pond maybe it's a 20 foot

0:46:16

wide pond maybe it's a 300 foot wide

0:46:19

pond maybe I waste a lot of the water I

0:46:21

don't care there's infinite and and I

0:46:25

would let five 100 of those little

0:46:27

fishies get trapped in my pond I'm not

0:46:31

chasing after them with

0:46:33

this stick like in Blue Lagoon I'm not

0:46:36

like there's no such thing as a fair

0:46:38

fight I'm not fishing with the hook you

0:46:41

know my idea of fishing is with dynamite

0:46:44

I'm going to blow up everything in the

0:46:45

lagoon and I'm gonna walk and pick up

0:46:48

the fish but in the absence of dynamite

0:46:51

I'm just going to divert the the water

0:46:53

what's the flow rate of water how many

0:46:55

fish swim by you I want them all put

0:46:58

them in the in the pond then what do you

0:47:01

think I'm going to do I'm gonna go pull

0:47:03

out one a day and I'm gonna let the

0:47:05

other fishies swim around and if it if

0:47:09

the winter comes and the pond freezes

0:47:11

over that's okay I'm going to chip a

0:47:13

little hole in the pond and I'm gonna

0:47:15

walk out every day and I'm gonna reach

0:47:17

it and grab my fish I'm G eat my fish

0:47:20

and I'm not chasing after stuff when you

0:47:24

chase after stuff you twist your ankle

0:47:27

and if you break your ankle you're

0:47:29

dying right and you chase after stuff

0:47:31

and then a wolf pack catches you from

0:47:34

behind or you piss off and angry

0:47:37

mastedon so hydraulic power it's the

0:47:41

water like it's GNA bring you something

0:47:42

to drink it's going to bring you

0:47:43

something to eat right by the way maybe

0:47:46

if I'm if I'm worried about the little

0:47:48

creepy crawly creatures or whatever I'm

0:47:51

going to dig a trench around where I

0:47:53

live and they're going to have to cross

0:47:55

the water to get to me yeah maybe I'll

0:47:58

use water a moat right you know if I

0:48:01

live on a seashore I'm going to create a

0:48:03

I'm G to find a natural Title Basin and

0:48:06

in that Title Basin I'm gonna let

0:48:09

creatures crawl in you ever watch yeah I

0:48:13

went to main one you ever watch krabbers

0:48:15

right or or actually

0:48:17

lobstermen I've seen it on TV some never

0:48:20

in person though okay well so so if you

0:48:24

don't know anything about

0:48:25

lobstermen you think oh well these are

0:48:28

guys out hunting Lobster with a

0:48:31

trap okay when you go watch the lobster

0:48:34

men operating you realize they're not

0:48:37

hunting Lobster they're not catching

0:48:41

Lobster they're farming

0:48:44

Lobster

0:48:46

okay big difference they drop they drop

0:48:50

the Trap and they they they'll create a

0:48:51

trap they'll put some uh some kind of

0:48:54

Herring Herring or something in the Trap

0:48:56

to what the the lobster wants to eat

0:48:58

they drop it they put 10 of those cages

0:49:01

down they wait lobsters are lazy

0:49:06

lobsters crawl into the cage they grab

0:49:09

the food they get stuck in the cage they

0:49:12

pull the Trap up they find a big lobster

0:49:16

they keep that one they find little

0:49:17

lobsters they throw them back in because

0:49:19

they need them to keep growing they feed

0:49:22

they're creating agriculture to feed the

0:49:24

lobster the lobster is living in happy

0:49:27

Lobster Hotel its entire

0:49:30

life it's not so bad Rob if I said to

0:49:33

you you know I'm gonna give you like

0:49:36

free room and board to age 70 and then

0:49:39

I'm gonna eat you well not so comping

0:49:42

not so compelling but if I said to you

0:49:45

Robert I'm gonna give you free room and

0:49:47

board until you're 750 years old and

0:49:51

then your life is going to end or you

0:49:54

can make it on your own and you'll

0:49:56

suffer horrific death being eaten up by

0:49:58

a barracuda at age 35 you might think

0:50:02

it's not so bad living you know in your

0:50:05

Lobster Hotel 10 times longer than you

0:50:07

would live naturally it's not like these

0:50:10

lobsters would have made it very far

0:50:12

they're liking it they're domesticated

0:50:14

lob right nature tends to pursue the

0:50:16

most energy efficient strategy available

0:50:19

to it right whether you're the eagle

0:50:21

driving dragging the baby goat off the

0:50:23

cliff or you're the lobster enjoying the

0:50:25

lobster Hotel uh

0:50:27

or you're the man diverting the stream

0:50:29

to capture a bunch of salmon you have a

0:50:31

tendency to want to do the least but

0:50:34

achieve the most right it's kind of the

0:50:36

nature of of productivity

0:50:38

itself I'm channeling energy and yeah

0:50:42

and not wasting any in the process

0:50:43

channeling it as efficiently and and

0:50:45

usefully as possible the pyramids got

0:50:48

bought built 2,000 years before

0:50:51

Cleopatra and Caesar had they haul it up

0:50:54

there and some of the most fascinating

0:50:56

vide I've seen on YouTube are those

0:50:58

YouTube videos that show how they build

0:51:01

hydraulic elevators to move a two ton or

0:51:04

four ton Stone up by floating it you

0:51:08

know up a channel to the side of a

0:51:10

pyramid and I totally believe that's how

0:51:12

they did it they actually used

0:51:14

Hydraulics to uh to construct the

0:51:17

pyramids it makes actually haven't I

0:51:18

haven't seen that actually I've always

0:51:20

seen them rolling them on the logs how

0:51:22

how were the Hydraulics

0:51:24

constructed they you have a two Tu of

0:51:27

let's say you have a tube of

0:51:30

water if I put something in the bottom

0:51:34

of the tube that's lighter than water

0:51:37

with a float attached to it I put a rock

0:51:39

with a with a float maybe you maybe you

0:51:42

take animal skins and you and you blow

0:51:44

them up with air it will float up the

0:51:47

tube and pop out the back oh you do is

0:51:51

is have the tube be able to hold the

0:51:53

Integrity so I can't do it for a th F

0:51:56

feet but I can do it for 20 feet it's

0:51:58

like um the way a Lock Works in a in a a

0:52:03

canal like I'm going into a lock I close

0:52:06

the gate I flood the lock it lifts the

0:52:11

barge I open the other locks and I go

0:52:13

out so imagine a series of locks that I

0:52:16

use to actually lift 100,000 tons of

0:52:20

stone using water wow yeah that's like

0:52:25

very very

0:52:27

interesting uh yeah I think that that's

0:52:30

how it was done in my opinion but water

0:52:33

can be used for farming for fishing it

0:52:35

can be used for security it can be used

0:52:38

for sanitation in fact there's a you

0:52:40

know without understanding water and the

0:52:43

Dynamics of water there is no cradle of

0:52:46

civilization in the aan or anywhere I'll

0:52:48

give you another interesting vignette I

0:52:51

go to

0:52:53

Santorini and uh sanini is built up on

0:52:56

this Caldera you know looking down on

0:52:59

the beautiful white white city right

0:53:03

yeah it's beautiful city it's gorgeous

0:53:05

yeah okay well in the 20th century you

0:53:08

can take the elevator up so I take the

0:53:11

elevator up from the port and the city

0:53:13

is 500 feet above or some number of feet

0:53:16

above and then on the way back I see I

0:53:19

see uh donkey rides and you can take a

0:53:22

donkey up you can take a donkey up uh to

0:53:26

s from the port or take a donkey

0:53:29

down I'm like I was in my fitness craze

0:53:32

and I'm like well I'm not riding a

0:53:33

donkey down but I think I'll just walk

0:53:35

down I mean what's the problem I think I

0:53:38

can walk I don't need to take the

0:53:41

elevator so I start walking down these

0:53:44

steps and the steps aren't terribly

0:53:47

difficult what do you think I see is I'm

0:53:50

walking down the donkey

0:53:52

steps donkey do

0:54:00

how much of it do you think I see uh

0:54:00

probably more than you wanted

0:54:04

river wow a river of donkey

0:54:08

excrement mind you this is like three or

0:54:11

four tourist donkeys taking down the

0:54:14

occasional tourist a river of donkey

0:54:19

excrement and you can hardly avoid it

0:54:22

you're hopping this way and that way and

0:54:24

then my brain starts working and I start

0:54:27

thinking hm what happens if there's a

0:54:30

hundred times as many donkeys and what

0:54:32

happens if they're walking through a

0:54:34

city and what happens if it doesn't how

0:54:37

do you clear this stuff it's not like

0:54:39

they had hydraulic hoses and they could

0:54:42

just clear by the way they're not

0:54:45

clearing it in the 21st century in

0:54:48

Greece it's a river of donkey crap I

0:54:51

mean they haven't figured out how to

0:54:53

clear it 3,000 years later so let's go

0:54:57

back 3,000 years and and let's do the

0:54:59

thought experiment what's it like to

0:55:02

live in a city using animal power to

0:55:05

move stuff

0:55:07

around dirty place to

0:55:10

live awful but also unsanitary I mean

0:55:17

fly infested Ty typhus infested tyho you

0:55:21

know germ infested and then when it gets

0:55:24

dry and this stuff desic Ates and it

0:55:27

blows through the air you're going to be

0:55:30

breathing it smelling it it's going you

0:55:32

know it's just going to be awful

0:55:42

so you want to drink it and eat

0:55:42

it okay this is not just a matter of uh

0:55:46

creature Comfort you're gonna die you

0:55:49

you can't actually bring together a

0:55:51

bunch of human beings unless you work

0:55:53

out the sanitation problem and it was

0:55:57

then and there that it daunted on me

0:56:00

viscerally there's a reason why all the

0:56:04

streets and mikos are so narrow that you

0:56:07

can't get a uh you can't get a horse or

0:56:10

a cart through them they're walking

0:56:12

cities Pally there's a reason that that

0:56:15

eus and the and the equ the equestrian

0:56:20

class the were the Roman Knights the

0:56:24

knights were the equestrian class and

0:56:26

what men in ancient Rome was the top 1%

0:56:29

or the top you know 0.1% the the Nobles

0:56:33

of Rome were the equestrian

0:56:36

class what it meant to be rich and

0:56:39

Powerful was you had the right to bring

0:56:42

a horse into the city nobody else could

0:56:46

the problem was not they couldn't afford

0:56:48

the horses the problem is they if they

0:56:51

allowed anybody to bring a horse into

0:56:53

the city it would be so unsanitary as as

0:56:56

to render the city

0:56:57

uninhabitable so most ancient cities if

0:57:01

you wanted them to work you would have

0:57:03

to have them human powerered and now

0:57:05

you've got this dilemma of how do you

0:57:07

move Goods around tell me how do I move

0:57:11

things around

0:57:13

cleanly I need a clean energy source

0:57:17

that is not going to

0:57:18

foul my sanitary system it's not going

0:57:21

to actually kill me and of course it's a

0:57:24

boat right what do you

0:57:27

you want 25 cities with ports on an

0:57:30

inland sea with at least a season six

0:57:34

six to nine months a year where you can

0:57:36

cross from one point to another Point

0:57:38

without being dashed and killed on the

0:57:40

Rocks so you need a fairly mild sea but

0:57:44

you have to have water because if you

0:57:48

have the same 25 cities on land and

0:57:50

you're going to use horse or animal

0:57:52

power in order to move goods and

0:57:54

services back and forth

0:57:56

it's just so dirty right so unsanitary

0:58:00

that your civilization's probably not

0:58:01

going to get off the ground and so the

0:58:04

Mediterranean was ideal for this sounds

0:58:06

like the Mediterranean is the perfect

0:58:09

ocean yeah because because you can

0:58:12

oftentimes navigate without leaving the

0:58:14

site of

0:58:15

land it's hard to get too lost there's a

0:58:18

lot of ports very Placid relatively and

0:58:22

and there's a lot of stops if if you

0:58:24

look at all of these Empire s The

0:58:27

Phoenician Empire the Roman

0:58:30

Empire the Venetian

0:58:33

Empire the British Empire you know if

0:58:36

you if you actually Tour all the great

0:58:39

ports in in the Mediterranean all the

0:58:42

really good ones the story goes

0:58:45

something like this like uh maybe you go

0:58:48

to bonao in

0:58:50

Corsica well in a thousand ad this was a

0:58:54

Phoenician port and in the Greek Empire

0:58:56

came along and it was an Athenian Port

0:58:58

500 and then the RO and then the

0:59:00

carthaginians kicked them out and it was

0:59:02

carthaginian port and then the Romans

0:59:03

kicked them out it was a Roman port and

0:59:06

then after the Romans fell the venetians

0:59:08

took this over this Venetian port and

0:59:10

then eventually it became a a British

0:59:12

Port you know like that's the story of

0:59:14

Malta that's the story of Corfu that's

0:59:17

the story of you know of H of lots of

0:59:20

different ports in the Mediterranean and

0:59:22

the reason why is if you want to

0:59:25

dominate the Mediterranean you need to

0:59:27

have a port within one or two days sale

0:59:31

that you can hide in whenever the

0:59:33

mistels blow and if you control that

0:59:36

network of ports when the weather goes

0:59:38

bad you go into the port and your ship

0:59:40

doesn't get

0:59:41

sunk and if you don't and you're like a

0:59:44

week away from a port that's friendly

0:59:47

and the weather gets bad you get dashed

0:59:49

against the rocks and you just

0:59:51

die you know and that's the end of it

0:59:54

and so these are all nautical

0:59:58

networks and uh and they're all based

1:00:01

terrain and uh the Mediterranean was a

1:00:04

good Crucible for for the you know the

1:00:07

beginning of a

1:00:09

civilization and when you put together

1:00:11

you know the incredible power of of

1:00:14

hydraulic

1:00:16

transportation and then you consider the

1:00:18

consequences of not having it you

1:00:21

realize you can't really develop the the

1:00:24

economic density we haven't touched much

1:00:27

on agriculture we could but the general

1:00:29

theme is the same right when I drop you

1:00:32

and you find a fruit tree you're not GNA

1:00:35

go oh duh there's a fruit tree in this

1:00:37

clearing I'm gonna walk 18 miles to the

1:00:39

place where I can find a different fruit

1:00:41

Bush and then I'm gonna walk five miles

1:00:43

back to the place where the fish are

1:00:46

you're gonna actually pick up the fruit

1:00:48

tree and plant like aund fruit trees

1:00:50

next to your fishing pond right right

1:00:53

you know I mean you're not stupid like

1:00:57

like Paleolithic man there's every

1:00:59

reason to believe they were smarter and

1:01:01

stronger and tougher than we were I mean

1:01:03

they yeah right so so this is a mess

1:01:07

around I think it's a great point that

1:01:09

all of these inventions were leading

1:01:12

towards increasing economic or energetic

1:01:15

density and that's what actually

1:01:17

provided the Bedrock on which to build a

1:01:19

civilization so maybe I'll try to give a

1:01:21

quick overview and feel free to jump in

1:01:23

if I'm missing

1:01:24

but started out with

1:01:28

uh we can't handle an animal oneon-one

1:01:31

right it's kind of our wits that make us

1:01:33

who we are through our wits we're able

1:01:36

to communicate and coordinate with one

1:01:39

another uh one thing we didn't get into

1:01:41

is kind of the Yuval Harari sapiens

1:01:44

thesis where he says that man came to

1:01:46

dominate the world because we can tell

1:01:48

and believe stories like we're actually

1:01:50

able to abstract and represent reality

1:01:52

and symbols and that's what gives us the

1:01:54

ability to make tools and and so and so

1:01:56

forth but so with those strategies that

1:01:59

are often Cooperative we've energized

1:02:01

them with fire as kind of our our base

1:02:05

um I guess we're harnessing the energy

1:02:07

of the of the of the world and ancient

1:02:09

sunlight through using fire and then the

1:02:12

other interesting thing about fire is

1:02:13

that it actually accelerated our own

1:02:15

Evolution right our cognitive

1:02:17

development was increased because we're

1:02:19

able to liberate more calories from food

1:02:21

and whatnot um and then also gave us the

1:02:26

ability to make uh harder stronger

1:02:29

better tools I guess you would say too

1:02:31

in terms of metal working and then we

1:02:33

could talk about uh and actually I think

1:02:35

that's a great Point too is that mankind

1:02:37

actually changes his own course of

1:02:39

evolution through the conscious

1:02:41

decisions we make like the tools we make

1:02:44

in turn make us which I think is a

1:02:46

really interesting point to touch on

1:02:47

later as well with with money and then

1:02:50

we had missiles right so we could

1:02:52

actually take advantage of our visual

1:02:54

Acuity which is something unique through

1:02:56

people uh and our in our dexterity and

1:02:58

actually hunt animals at a distance and

1:03:00

hunt them on a Terrain that was

1:03:02

advantageous to us uh and then we had we

1:03:05

had to tap into water right because we

1:03:07

we are water first of all like humans

1:03:09

are 70% water we have to consume a lot

1:03:12

of water very frequently I think that's

1:03:15

the the quickest way to die right It's

1:03:17

Like Oxygen first we have to have that

1:03:19

most frequently water

1:03:21

second

1:03:23

um three minutes without air three days

1:03:27

without water three months without food

1:03:31

exactly and I've read too that people

1:03:33

going without water actually Cry tears

1:03:35

of blood it's one of the symptoms that

1:03:37

makes your eyes

1:03:38

bleed just interesting and then uh so

1:03:42

not only is water clearly this

1:03:43

lifegiving substance that we have to you

1:03:47

know have access to fresh water and be

1:03:49

able to implement it into our

1:03:51

agricultural systems and whatnot but

1:03:52

it's also a tool for for overcoming

1:03:55

gravity right so we could actually

1:03:57

construct larger larger scale

1:04:00

structures um and conduct Commerce kind

1:04:02

of at scale

1:04:04

so I think that's a a great first

1:04:08

principal view on what makes us

1:04:12

unique and we got to do all that to get

1:04:15

to the Iron Age yeah and we come back to

1:04:20

this issue of uh being

1:04:22

harder right and being stronger you know

1:04:25

we harness that fire and we start to

1:04:28

work metals and uh we move into bronze

1:04:32

and we move into iron and I think um the

1:04:36

Roman Empire is a is a

1:04:40

great it's a great model for uh the way

1:04:45

that human beings interact with

1:04:47

technology and the way that they

1:04:49

interact with um uh with a competitive

1:04:53

world or and become both anti

1:04:56

fragile and get harder smarter faster

1:04:59

and stronger and uh this same thing was

1:05:03

going on in other parts of the world but

1:05:06

I I'll focus upon Romans for a bit you

1:05:10

go read Livy's History of Rome and he

1:05:12

you know he writes about the Roman

1:05:14

Republic had 700 good

1:05:16

years 700 years before it even went to

1:05:19

Empire

1:05:21

and we start with this idea of Roman

1:05:24

politics

1:05:26

um you've heard the phrase beware the

1:05:28

IDS of

1:05:29

March and it refers to you juliia Caesar

1:05:33

and you know people think of it as as oh

1:05:38

well that's when someone's gonna kill

1:05:40

Caesar but it's really referring to the

1:05:43

fact that for 700 years the Romans got

1:05:46

together on March 15 and had an election

1:05:50

every year the Romans the Romans had

1:05:53

were the most organized

1:05:56

uh of all of the civilizations we can

1:05:59

find in the ancient world and that's how

1:06:01

they grew dominate they were just

1:06:03

organized and and what their one of

1:06:06

their forms of organization is and this

1:06:09

is a thing of beauty they're running a

1:06:11

process where every year March 15 they

1:06:14

have their election they appoint two

1:06:16

consuls they appoint all their officers

1:06:19

the consuls then they they conduct about

1:06:22

two weeks worth of religious ceremonies

1:06:26

they all worship they appease the gods

1:06:29

they're getting psyched up right they're

1:06:31

they're reminding themselves that

1:06:33

they're unique they're

1:06:36

celebrating simultaneously they raise an

1:06:38

army they train the Army we go from

1:06:43

March 15 all the way through to May 1st

1:06:47

weeks and those six weeks they get

1:06:50

organized uh celebrate get excited wait

1:06:54

for a good om and they're really they're

1:06:57

really getting ready and then the

1:06:59

campaigning season starts May 1

1:07:02

everybody that knows anything about

1:07:03

Europe in the Mediterranean knows the

1:07:05

weather gets good on May 1 the problem

1:07:08

before May 1 it rains there's storms if

1:07:11

you set out to seea or you set

1:07:14

out across uh across terrain before that

1:07:17

time period if the coal doesn't get you

1:07:20

the storm's going to get you or your

1:07:22

ship's going to sink or something it's

1:07:24

you know ultimately

1:07:26

right

1:07:27

the in the history of all these wars

1:07:30

more people die from natural

1:07:34

causes then they die from bullets of the

1:07:37

enemy or or from the enemy so the number

1:07:39

one danger is Nature's goingon to kill

1:07:41

you so the Romans basically did Summer

1:07:45

campaigning and so May 1 they start to

1:07:48

campaign that goes through June July

1:07:50

August September all good months if

1:07:54

they're still fighting something maybe

1:07:56

around October they wrap it up they go

1:07:58

into winter quarters by

1:08:02

November November December

1:08:05

January you know maybe they've half a

1:08:08

November but certainly December January

1:08:11

February that's winter they're not doing

1:08:13

anything because the because the

1:08:15

elements are a much bigger threat than

1:08:18

than the enemy

1:08:19

is and and if you know anything about

1:08:21

the med you know you can't navigate the

1:08:23

med in the winter like even in the

1:08:26

modern day it's you no one would you

1:08:29

know want to go yachting in the med in

1:08:31

the winter it's just not comfortable you

1:08:33

get storms weather is very un

1:08:36

uncertain

1:08:38

so all this time they're resting they're

1:08:41

recuperating they're regrouping they're

1:08:44

politicking you can imagine they're

1:08:47

discussing with each other who's most

1:08:49

suited that guy's long in the tooth that

1:08:52

guy's lost the step this is the upand

1:08:54

comer you support me I'll support you

1:08:57

they're working through that consensus

1:09:00

back in Rome and they're remembering

1:09:01

what it what it's like to be a

1:09:03

Roman and then Along Comes March and

1:09:07

then they decide who's gonna do what and

1:09:09

everybody gets the you know you're gonna

1:09:10

be a Tribune you're G to be a conso

1:09:13

you're gonna be a governor let's put in

1:09:15

place the administration and they're

1:09:17

always rotating and they go and they do

1:09:19

it again and if they send off the best

1:09:22

and the brightest and the guy takes an

1:09:23

arrow in the back and he dies well next

1:09:25

year there's another guy you know SK

1:09:28

skipio Africanus you know like one of

1:09:31

the most famous Roman generals of all

1:09:34

time he rose to power you know in his

1:09:37

early 20s after all of his his uncle and

1:09:42

his father died in the um in the Second

1:09:46

Punic War his entire family is getting

1:09:48

wiped out but there's always another

1:09:50

Roman always another Roman always

1:09:52

another one you know from a very early

1:09:56

and so the political system had a it had

1:09:59

a certain Elegance to it because it was

1:10:01

tied to the calendar it was tied to

1:10:02

Nature it was a natural

1:10:05

cycle and it took into account the need

1:10:09

of of human beings to celebrate each

1:10:11

other successes I go campaign I come

1:10:14

back I get a Triumph it took into

1:10:16

account their need to have a a common

1:10:18

Faith you know the faith is critical if

1:10:21

we're not all Romans and if we don't all

1:10:23

believe the same thing why are we going

1:10:25

to die die for each other right Faith

1:10:28

mattered but the weather mattered yeah

1:10:31

right and and you know it's like people

1:10:33

don't realize they did it every year on

1:10:36

March 15 because they're getting they

1:10:38

need if I told you the weather's GNA get

1:10:41

get on May 1 and you need an army when

1:10:43

would you

1:10:44

start right right right they're kind of

1:10:47

they're pretty smart 7 years of it

1:10:51

that's the Roman way and then they also

1:10:52

took in account human motivation which

1:10:54

is everybody's got an ego everybody

1:10:57

needs their turn nobody can hog all the

1:11:00

power so even if you were the greatest

1:11:03

General this year You Gotta Give It Up

1:11:05

to someone else next year and as long as

1:11:08

they kept turning up and if if I'm the

1:11:11

second most powerful family and you're

1:11:13

from the most powerful

1:11:15

family maybe I'll support you for

1:11:17

console with an understanding that it's

1:11:19

my turn next year right you know and

1:11:22

it's like we and then maybe my family

1:11:25

will fight and die for you because we

1:11:28

have a chance of Glory next year but in

1:11:30

the at the point where you take over and

1:11:33

you tell me well you think you're gonna

1:11:34

just keep the job for the next 62 years

1:11:38

at that point the fabric of the

1:11:41

civilization starts to break down

1:11:43

because right right because that

1:11:45

equity and that uh and that citizenship

1:11:48

and that sense that we're protecting the

1:11:51

Roman way of life starts to degrade to

1:11:54

we're just helping somebody Dynasty

1:11:56

screw them right so it's the the

1:11:58

dynamism of the hierarchy keeps it

1:12:01

revivified and and fresh and they're

1:12:04

harmonized with nature that's very

1:12:05

interesting anti- fragile right right

1:12:08

the Romans are antifragile they're

1:12:11

always going off to fight always always

1:12:15

always it's just the history of war

1:12:17

after war after war after War but there

1:12:20

but but they've got

1:12:24

this you you know like typical CEO right

1:12:27

it's you could be in a job 10 years 20

1:12:30

years I'm 55 I've been in my job for

1:12:34

quite a while but it's not uncommon for

1:12:37

someone in modern day

1:12:39

America to um uh to be doing a job and

1:12:44

become CEO somewhere between age 40 and

1:12:47

age 65 not uncommon in fact the captain

1:12:51

of a yacht will often times be 40 and

1:12:54

they'll they'll stay as Captain until

1:12:55

they're 65 you might do the same job for

1:12:58

20 years 25

1:13:01

years um I once took a tour of the US

1:13:05

Military and uh I was treated like a

1:13:07

senator and so it was a it was an

1:13:09

orientation tour um and they would take

1:13:13

you uh to Army base a navy base an Air

1:13:16

Force Base a Marine base campon Fort

1:13:21

Hood you know um Etc and one of the

1:13:25

things they did is they took us onto an

1:13:27

aircraft carrier the John

1:13:29

stennis and so I landed on an aircraft

1:13:31

carrier and then I got to tour of the

1:13:33

carrier and then I got to meet the

1:13:36

captain the average age of the soldiers

1:13:40

on the aircraft carrier is

1:13:42

19 average age 5,000 people in aircraft

1:13:45

carrier 19 the officers are in their 20s

1:13:50

some in their early 30s do you know who

1:13:53

the oldest man or woman on the carrier

1:13:56

Robert the

1:13:58

oldest the old

1:14:00

man the old man is

1:14:04

41 wow I you know so I started talking

1:14:08

to him and the and the number two is 38

1:14:13

if you're the oper you're the number two

1:14:15

oper head of operations it's an 18mon

1:14:18

gig and if you're the captain it might

1:14:21

be 36 months and so I started talking

1:14:24

and this is a new a powered aircraft

1:14:26

carrier these guys can start a war they

1:14:28

start a war like it's like one 12th of

1:14:31

the Firepower of the US Navy right right

1:14:34

right could take down all but like three

1:14:36

countries in a heart maybe you could

1:14:37

take down any country in a heartbeat

1:14:39

it's a pretty important job Robert right

1:14:42

wouldn't you say right absolutely

1:14:46

um so I said to him so tell me your pth

1:14:49

to get here and he goes well you know I

1:14:51

went to the Naval Academy and you know I

1:14:53

did this for a few years and every thing

1:14:55

every one to three years I move through

1:14:58

a different command and and uh I finally

1:15:01

made it as a you know EXO number two

1:15:04

officer like two years ago and I got

1:15:07

promoted you know six months ago and

1:15:09

I'll have this command for like 24

1:15:11

months or

1:15:13

something and and I said well let me get

1:15:16

this so so there's only like 12 of you

1:15:19

right so so you're one of the top 12

1:15:22

most talented uh officers in the entire

1:15:25

Navy like how many people in the Navy

1:15:27

hundreds of thousands of people in the

1:15:30

military this is one of the 12 most

1:15:32

important jobs in the United States

1:15:34

military Bar None I'm like so in like 12

1:15:39

more months you're leaving he goes yeah

1:15:41

I'm leaving said what why wouldn't they

1:15:43

want you to do this job for 20

1:15:51

years like you could start World War III

1:15:51

I mean like why would you take the risk

1:15:54

of like changing and putting someone

1:15:57

else in the job what if they screw it up

1:15:59

know like we don't do it by Robert we

1:16:03

don't do that in any other part of our

1:16:05

economy we don't actually put 40 year

1:16:08

olds with term limits of 36 months in

1:16:10

charge of cities states countries

1:16:15

company we don't put them in charge of

1:16:18

Yachts if you had a 100 foot pleasure

1:16:20

craft you wouldn't you wouldn't do it

1:16:21

you be like I find one Captain I'm

1:16:23

keeping the guy for 20 years I'm not

1:16:25

you wouldn't actually do that with a

1:16:27

person that like Cooks your food or Ms

1:16:31

lawn so why do you think this guy's

1:16:35

gotta go after 36 months any

1:16:40

guesses because the answer is gonna blow

1:16:44

mind what jumps to mind is if he were to

1:16:47

get paid off or corrupted or something

1:16:50

but I I really don't know that's not a

1:16:52

bad idea it's like that's like the the

1:16:55

forest ranger principles like we rotate

1:16:57

the forest rangers in order to keep

1:16:59

anybody from bribing or corrupting a

1:17:00

forest ranger so they don't misuse

1:17:03

public National Park resources brilliant

1:17:05

idea right Bedrock of the forestry

1:17:08

service and a great anti-corruption

1:17:09

technique but that's not

1:17:11

why I'm standing on the deck of this

1:17:15

aircraft carrier talking to this

1:17:18

guy who a lot of you know a lot of

1:17:21

people think like he's just the junior

1:17:23

executive maybe we're ready to give it

1:17:25

or whatever and I said so tell me again

1:17:28

why you got to leave this job even

1:17:31

though you're the best guy in the Navy

1:17:32

to do it you're obviously hyper talented

1:17:35

he goes well Michael there's a lot of

1:17:39

really really good people coming out of

1:17:42

the academy every

1:17:45

year and everybody needs their

1:17:49

[Music]

1:17:55

turn everybody needs

1:17:55

their

1:17:57

turn talking about a 21y old Lieutenant

1:18:00

coming out of the Naval Academy

1:18:03

saying these people signed up to commit

1:18:06

their life and their career and

1:18:08

potentially sacrificed their life to be

1:18:11

a Navy officer and at the Pinnacle is

1:18:15

their hope that they can be the captain

1:18:17

and have their own command and at the

1:18:19

Pinnacle of that is captain of an

1:18:21

aircraft carrier and if you want people

1:18:24

to love and fight and die and cherish

1:18:29

institution you got to get out of the

1:18:31

way and give them their chance I mean

1:18:33

everybody needs their turn and you start

1:18:37

thinking maybe we overestimate oursel

1:18:40

right this is why again a decentralized

1:18:44

organism like Bitcoin is superior to a

1:18:46

company

1:18:48

because as Charles de gal said right

1:18:51

graveyards are full of the Tombstones of

1:18:53

indispensable men

1:18:55

right yeah right it's like this makes me

1:18:59

think to 100% this makes me think to as

1:19:03

a kid there there was this notion that

1:19:06

anyone I grew up in Tennessee but anyone

1:19:09

could be president anyone could be the

1:19:11

American president not now that may be

1:19:13

kind of silly and uh not actually the

1:19:16

case but that notion seemed to give

1:19:18

people at least kids uh this this

1:19:21

motivation to really want to be

1:19:23

patriotic and uh part and parcel for

1:19:26

their their country so it seems like

1:19:28

something about uh the possibility of

1:19:31

achieving the highest level within an

1:19:34

organism or organization sort of gives

1:19:36

people maximal motivation or something

1:19:38

like that there was a t like there's a

1:19:42

certain pride in being a naval officer

1:19:44

if you

1:19:45

believe when they when the head of a

1:19:48

carrier looks at you when you started

1:19:50

your career and says you know one day

1:19:51

you'll have your turn at

1:19:53

this you are comrades you're as good as

1:19:56

me you're the future of the Navy right

1:20:00

that's what will cause people to lay

1:20:02

down and and and die for you right

1:20:05

that's inspiration absolutely respect

1:20:07

and that's what the Romans had in those

1:20:09

700 years the height of the Republic

1:20:11

It's you're a Roman

1:20:13

first this year maybe you're maybe

1:20:16

you're under the command of you know

1:20:19

your family's number one adversary but

1:20:21

next year that'll be your command

1:20:24

right and that's the Roman way and and

1:20:27

there's a certain submission to Nature

1:20:32

and uh to the will uh the organism is

1:20:35

greater than any one individual any one

1:20:37

family and uh it's continually

1:20:41

refreshing itself we have to have

1:20:43

constant flow of new Talent new

1:20:46

leadership someone drops the Baton

1:20:48

someone else picks up the Baton that's

1:20:50

what made the

1:20:52

Romans great they they suffered no Kings

1:20:55

among them right you look at the the

1:20:59

Second Punic War and then I think maybe

1:21:01

it was the second Macedonian War

1:21:03

eventually the

1:21:05

Romans went to fight against like I

1:21:07

guess Philip of Macedon he was a king

1:21:11

and and he had an awful

1:21:13

son and his his one son got fighting

1:21:16

with his other son and convinced the

1:21:19

father to murder the second son and then

1:21:22

the father realized that he made a

1:21:24

mistake because his first son lied to

1:21:26

him you know and the father was a

1:21:28

nutcase crazy guy and the son was kind

1:21:31

of crazy and it corrupted the entire

1:21:34

society and the Roman conso was was just

1:21:39

the most talented General and he knew

1:21:41

that you know the way it worked is his

1:21:45

officers were from every other competing

1:21:48

family in Rome if that General was lazy

1:21:52

drunk cowardly stupid it got reported

1:21:56

back by the officer Court to Rome and to

1:21:59

the Senate and so they were slightly

1:22:03

gossipy but the point is when you know

1:22:06

that everybody's watching

1:22:08

you and that you can be replaced and

1:22:11

will be replaced next year and your

1:22:12

future is

1:22:14

uncertain it brings out a higher degree

1:22:17

professionalism and that's the

1:22:19

competition in the market just like you

1:22:22

know yeah right you're a minor and they

1:22:24

cut off your electricity while your

1:22:26

mining rig stops and the mining shifts

1:22:28

somewhere else absolutely that's the

1:22:30

reason entrepreneurs in the free market

1:22:33

are accountable to the preferences of

1:22:35

their customers right because they

1:22:37

constantly face the existential threat

1:22:40

of customers going elsewhere whereas the

1:22:42

opposite would be true in a monopoly

1:22:44

right the monopolist doesn't have to

1:22:45

give two shits about his customers

1:22:47

preferences because they have no other

1:22:49

choice so I think it's really

1:22:51

interesting so the Roman political

1:22:53

system it bred harder Stronger Faster

1:22:59

smarter

1:23:02

individuals and it was that no apologies

1:23:04

about it from age three this is the way

1:23:08

it is and um and Rome comes first and

1:23:12

everybody else's interests are

1:23:14

subjugated and when you look at that

1:23:17

right they started with that system a

1:23:20

system I mean people forget about it 700

1:23:23

years as a republic I mean find me

1:23:25

another Republic lasted 700 years

1:23:27

conquered the entire Known World then

1:23:30

you got the Roman army and uh that tells

1:23:32

a different story I mean the Roman army

1:23:35

is it takes us back to this issue

1:23:37

of there was never such thing as a free

1:23:40

f a fair fight the Romans weren't

1:23:42

fighting Fair they would have laughed at

1:23:44

you you know like the the Roman approach

1:23:47

to this was was to take uh you know my

1:23:51

illustration of the Slinger on the cliff

1:23:53

and take it to a whole new level the

1:23:55

Romans manufactured you know ballista

1:23:59

and they manufactured catapults and they

1:24:01

manufactured every sword to be the same

1:24:03

length every Shield to be the same size

1:24:06

every every Soldier took the same step

1:24:08

the same length everything was the same

1:24:12

you could be an8 foot tall

1:24:14

Goliath and the Roman 5 foot 10 inch

1:24:17

tall normal dude right is going to beat

1:24:20

the crap out of you because you're not

1:24:22

going to get within 12 feet of because

1:24:24

you're going to take a spear in the gut

1:24:26

from the 12 guys standing to his left

1:24:28

and his right as you charge right

1:24:31

there's

1:24:32

no there's no in in all of these time

1:24:36

periods all these wars and you read Livy

1:24:38

and he describes them very in depth over

1:24:40

and over

1:24:41

again hundreds and hundreds and hundreds

1:24:44

of battles and they always consisted of

1:24:48

the Romans maneuvered to get The High

1:24:50

Ground the the Romans maneuvered uh to

1:24:54

get the enemy out on the plane the

1:24:57

Romans unleashed the artillery onto the

1:25:00

enemy while they stood and obliterated

1:25:03

10% of them then the Romans obliterate

1:25:06

Unleashed some more artillery there's

1:25:08

one story where the Roman army cornered

1:25:10

the GS the Gs are are on a on a

1:25:14

Mountaintop on a Hillside and the Romans

1:25:17

are below they just surround them they

1:25:21

stop they start to Pummel them and they

1:25:24

rain down hell from above

1:25:28

bullets

1:25:29

Boulders flame

1:25:32

Napal and and Livy writes you know

1:25:37

before a Roman even took a step toward

1:25:40

the enemy line half of the GS were dead

1:25:44

and and 80% of them had been maimed or

1:25:47

incapacitated from the bullets wow and

1:25:50

then the Romans start to move up and do

1:25:53

something it's like this there's none of

1:25:55

this let's just charge into battle and

1:25:58

fight it out with our sword right never

1:26:02

happened that way it was always going to

1:26:04

be find a way to get an advantage and

1:26:08

and and by the way the technology is

1:26:11

like is very critical right the people

1:26:15

think like the Romans had a military

1:26:18

industrial

1:26:19

complex right you're in do there's a way

1:26:22

to do it you're going to do it in a

1:26:23

certain way they had an En entire bottle

1:26:26

language and entire system of how you're

1:26:28

going to act you know if you want

1:26:31

something which is eye opening there's

1:26:33

this story of the Roman Navy from um the

1:26:35

second the first Punic

1:26:37

War the carthaginians Dominate the

1:26:40

Mediterranean the Romans are a land

1:26:41

power the Romans don't know anything

1:26:43

about Naval power but this it tells you

1:26:46

a lot about the Roman psyche and the

1:26:49

Roman

1:26:50

intellect the Romans are getting beat up

1:26:53

by the card theeni and because the

1:26:54

carthaginians control the ports and they

1:26:56

have the fleet the Romans have no

1:26:59

Fleet One Day a storm kicks up and the

1:27:04

storm uh the storm drives a carthaginian

1:27:08

ship naval ship into a Roman Port it's

1:27:13

blown into the port by a bad mol the

1:27:16

Romans capture

1:27:19

it they take it apart to try to figure

1:27:22

out how the carthaginians make their

1:27:26

ships and this you can't make this up

1:27:29

this is the most amazing thing in

1:27:31

history they find out that the

1:27:35

carthaginians make their ships from a

1:27:38

kit from from reusable standardized

1:27:41

parts and not only are all the parts

1:27:44

standardized the carthaginians have

1:27:47

labeled each part with the instructions

1:27:49

of where it fits and the number of the

1:27:52

part the Romans construct the entire

1:27:55

thing steal the entire

1:27:57

blueprint 90 days later they made 150

1:28:05

ships you you think these guys are

1:28:05

screwing around right they're not

1:28:08

screwing around it's like everybody

1:28:11

everybody thinks oh yeah yeah I'm gonna

1:28:13

take my time to figure this stuff out

1:28:16

now War has a way War has a way of

1:28:20

quickening your T you know your activity

1:28:23

B am I'm losing I find a ship that's the

1:28:27

DNA that's the formula of the ship 150

1:28:30

ships to make a long story short the

1:28:33

Romans win the first Punic War and they

1:28:35

vanquished the carthaginians and they

1:28:37

become the naval power and of course the

1:28:42

it's not that the Romans invented

1:28:43

everything it's just the Romans stole

1:28:46

every good idea from every civilization

1:28:48

from the Greeks from the carthaginians

1:28:51

from the whatever that they crushed and

1:28:54

and because they lasted we're able to

1:28:57

read their

1:28:58

histories but you know it kind of blows

1:29:00

your mind when you think that in five by

1:29:03

the way you think the C the Jans

1:29:05

invented that maybe they stole it from

1:29:06

the fans right yeah but yeah 500 BC if

1:29:13

you want to win Wars you don't just make

1:29:16

ships and you don't just train hard and

1:29:20

you don't just make you don't make

1:29:22

wagons right Roman row

1:29:24

the Romans had standardized Parts a

1:29:27

standardized gauge for a wagon wheel

1:29:29

every Roman wagon rolling on the road is

1:29:32

carving ruts in the road that gauge has

1:29:36

to be standardized you can't just make

1:29:37

any wagon you have to make it exactly

1:29:39

the same right okay this is for all

1:29:44

those people that believe you know that

1:29:46

that recoil in

1:29:49

standardization well that Roman uh that

1:29:52

Roman wagon gaug

1:29:55

eventually became the standard width of

1:29:58

a railroad track in Europe and then

1:30:01

eventually the standard R width of a

1:30:03

railroad track everywhere so if you want

1:30:06

to know how wide a Roman Chariot was or

1:30:09

War Chariot or any just go stand on a

1:30:11

railroad anywhere on Earth the Romans

1:30:15

gave that to you and the reason why they

1:30:17

did it that way is because if you build

1:30:21

wagons with different gauges

1:30:24

they fall in the Rut they snap the

1:30:27

axle and that's death yeah so it's like

1:30:31

no it's like Henry Ford said you can

1:30:34

have it any color as long as it's black

1:30:36

no you can't have it any way you want it

1:30:40

you take it what what you can by the way

1:30:43

it's not that every civilization figured

1:30:46

this out it's just that every

1:30:48

civilization that insisted insisted upon

1:30:51

doing it a different way with different

1:30:53

bells and whistles got crushed to death

1:30:55

right right right there's an analogy to

1:30:58

this in the Bitcoin world too when you

1:31:01

come up with a different feature and a

1:31:03

different it's like it would just be 10%

1:31:05

better you know if you made your wagon

1:31:07

10% wider it would hold 20% more and you

1:31:11

would need 10% less and your transaction

1:31:14

cost would be less and your whatever I

1:31:18

think better it points towards path

1:31:21

dependence too right like the fact that

1:31:24

technology already took a certain path

1:31:26

it kind of has an inertia right an

1:31:28

inertia that's carried the width of the

1:31:30

gauge of a wagon wheel to the the width

1:31:32

of a modern Rail and I I thought it was

1:31:34

interesting too how you pointed to the

1:31:37

civilizations that went out the the

1:31:39

Romans or the carthaginians are the ones

1:31:41

that studied their history right so

1:31:43

they're actually gleaning insights from

1:31:46

civilizations that had come before them

1:31:48

which again is kind of hearkens back to

1:31:49

that uvall Harari concept of our ability

1:31:52

to uh abstract our learnings into

1:31:56

symbols like language and whatnot and

1:31:58

then pass them from generation to

1:31:59

generation such that the most successful

1:32:02

strategies take advantage of the

1:32:03

collective learnings up until that point

1:32:07

um versus trying to just do something

1:32:08

from scratch on your own like we all

1:32:10

stand on the shoulders of giants so to

1:32:12

speak those yeah those roads were the

1:32:17

logistics network of the Roman Empire

1:32:20

and if you can move goods and services

1:32:23

and if you can move armies faster inside

1:32:26

your borders than your enemies can move

1:32:29

inside their

1:32:30

borders right then you're gonna win

1:32:34

right you've got well you've got a major

1:32:35

major

1:32:36

advantage and of course if everybody

1:32:39

lays down a railroad track that's uh

1:32:41

that's a certain width and you come up

1:32:43

with an idea for a car that's got a

1:32:45

different width who are you gonna sell

1:32:46

it to right right Proto the people talk

1:32:50

about protocols being important right

1:32:53

well the tcpip wasn't the first protocol

1:32:56

you know Roman roads probably weren't

1:32:58

the first protocol either but the point

1:33:01

is protocols matter and there's it's

1:33:05

arrogant but I'm sure that um the

1:33:08

Egyptians had protocols to build those

1:33:10

pyramids you know standard size and

1:33:13

standard widths and standard weights and

1:33:15

measures um those protocols matter uh a

1:33:19

a heck of a lot and uh if you don't have

1:33:24

them it's impossible people to cooperate

1:33:26

so money we've talked about money a lot

1:33:29

as as being essential for civilization

1:33:33

cooperate and allowing us to allowing us

1:33:36

to specialize but all these um all these

1:33:39

other logistics protocols or military

1:33:42

Protocols are in their own way equally

1:33:46

important

1:33:48

um and I'll make one last point on on

1:33:51

just Roman injuring and aqueducts right

1:33:54

the Romans the Romans understood the the

1:33:56

importance of hydraulics and they took

1:33:58

it to a new

1:33:59

level um they

1:34:02

actually they actually uh created

1:34:04

aqueducts that would bring water from up

1:34:06

to 70 miles away to a given City a lot

1:34:10

of coastal towns on the med that are not

1:34:12

inhabitable I mean the the natural

1:34:14

economic density is really a function of

1:34:16

the amount of water per year so so uh if

1:34:21

the amount of water per year is basic

1:34:23

Bas on rain water maybe you can have 500

1:34:26

people live in the city and if you bring

1:34:28

the aqueduck it goes to 5,000 or 50,000

1:34:32

and so the the the economic density

1:34:34

requires the hydraulic flow uh for

1:34:37

sanitation and and just to keep

1:34:39

everybody alive and uh so engineering

1:34:43

the roads engineering the

1:34:47

aqueduct it's a it's the rails upon

1:34:51

which the entire Iron Age

1:34:54

civilization was built and Romans of

1:34:58

anything they're engineers and they

1:35:01

elevated engineering above all and um

1:35:05

what what is engineering I mean what I'm

1:35:08

an engineer I I I think engineering

1:35:13

is is an incredibly honorable

1:35:16

ethical life affirming

1:35:19

profession that the basic Credo of the

1:35:21

engineer is I look nature and I look at

1:35:25

the I look at the

1:35:27

circumstances that I'm surrounded by and

1:35:30

I use my intellect and every material

1:35:34

and technique at hand in order to

1:35:37

construct a better world for

1:35:40

everyone and everything that I

1:35:44

love that's that's the Credo I'm not I'm

1:35:47

not going to be a victim of

1:35:51

circumstance you know I I'm going to

1:35:54

actually change my circumstances with my

1:35:56

intellect and that might mean build a

1:35:58

bridge it might mean build an an

1:36:00

aqueduck It might mean build a road it

1:36:02

might mean build a ship whatever it

1:36:06

is just like the beaver builds the dam

1:36:08

the engineer builds the world you know

1:36:11

look at any City where you take the

1:36:12

bridge down and try to figure out how

1:36:14

life changes and it's pretty

1:36:18

consequential so you know if we just if

1:36:22

we just leave a leave you with one more

1:36:24

vignette on Rome and then we'll move on

1:36:27

I think to the Dark

1:36:29

Ages I I have a holding company the

1:36:31

holding company is called Alcantara and

1:36:34

Alcantara is based

1:36:36

upon uh something I saw in Alcantara

1:36:40

Spain it's a Roman Bridge it stood for

1:36:43

2,000

1:36:44

years and if you go underneath that

1:36:46

bridge you'll find a Roman inscription

1:36:48

in Latin where the Roman engineer whose

1:36:51

name is Julius Locker

1:36:55

saide this bridge will stand for all

1:37:00

unquote they took their engineering

1:37:03

seriously

1:37:05

right yeah this uh I I recall from tb's

1:37:09

writing that the uh The Architects of I

1:37:13

actually think the the Roman

1:37:15

aqueducts there was a uh to give the

1:37:18

architect skin in the game so to speak

1:37:21

that he would be required himself or

1:37:23

even with with his family at times to

1:37:25

stand beneath uh the aqueduct as the

1:37:28

scaffolding was removed right so he knew

1:37:31

it was his life and possibly his

1:37:33

family's life on the line should his

1:37:37

architectural abilities be incompetent

1:37:39

right so these these people took uh they

1:37:43

had again it's a protocol right it's a

1:37:44

protocol and an incentive or a

1:37:46

disincentive to Mal performance for that

1:37:48

architect to take his profession very

1:37:51

seriously um and I think too another

1:37:53

that came to mind is you're talking

1:37:55

about Rome as being incipient to all

1:37:58

these civilizational Technologies and

1:38:00

protocols we use what ultimately led to

1:38:02

the downfall of Rome was uh their

1:38:04

monetary protocol being compromised

1:38:06

right it was the debasement of the coin

1:38:08

I think started with Nero um and

1:38:11

eventually led to the the forking into

1:38:13

the East Roman Empire

1:38:16

um and their political protocols

1:38:19

compromis yeah the series of Civil Wars

1:38:23

you know Caesars being the most famous

1:38:25

but a series of Civil Wars where the

1:38:27

political protocols broke

1:38:29

down even before the monetary protocols

1:38:32

broke down but you can you can see

1:38:35

they're all related right at some point

1:38:38

Integrity of the

1:38:40

society um broke down and when they lost

1:38:44

their integrity across all these areas

1:38:47

the the collapse of the political system

1:38:50

beg got the collapse of the military

1:38:52

system

1:38:54

the religion how how do you maintain

1:38:56

your patriotism in Rome when one Roman

1:38:58

army is fighting another Roman army

1:39:01

right what was there an inflection point

1:39:03

that you recall that sort of led to all

1:39:05

this these protocols being

1:39:07

compromised you know around 50 BC it all

1:39:11

started going bad maybe maybe

1:39:17

um I'll come back to

1:39:20

it a whole series of wars in Julius

1:39:23

Caesar youth you know and the and the

1:39:27

rise of a series of strong men and uh

1:39:30

and the that the

1:39:32

weakening of um of the Roman

1:39:39

Republic TB I think makes great points

1:39:39

in his books about you know how it's the

1:39:42

death penalty in Babylon if you screwed

1:39:44

with weights and

1:39:46

measures you know or you know if you're

1:39:49

a builder and your house collapses right

1:39:51

you know some your own family dies it's

1:39:54

that they're definitely great skin in

1:39:56

the point games and they just skin in

1:39:58

the game points sorry and they just

1:40:01

remind you that that in a society the

1:40:06

respects natural law right right n

1:40:10

nature is not going to pity you and

1:40:13

she's not listening for excuses you know

1:40:17

you I know this is not quite relevant

1:40:20

but I can't help it but state it

1:40:23

the richest man in

1:40:25

China uh a year or two years ago was out

1:40:29

on summer vacation in the south of

1:40:33

France the guy's worth 203 billion

1:40:37

dollars and uh he uh decided to take a

1:40:40

selfie or get a photo and he stood up on

1:40:43

a rock wall at some ancient ruin in the

1:40:47

south of France and while they were

1:40:49

taking the photo he slipped and fell off

1:40:52

the side of the wall and 50 feet to his

1:40:55

death and

1:40:59

again somewhat

1:41:02

uh emblematic of the

1:41:05

point it doesn't matter if you have an

1:41:07

army of lawyers and a billion dollars of

1:41:11

clout in that last two seconds of his

1:41:14

life you

1:41:16

know he was punished by violating the

1:41:19

law of gravity with the death sins

1:41:22

that's right

1:41:23

it's like you know gravity doesn't care

1:41:26

who you are nature doesn't care it does

1:41:29

the richest man in China out of a

1:41:31

billion people and he was sentenced to

1:41:34

immediate death no appeal in a split

1:41:37

second for being

1:41:40

careless and uh when the

1:41:43

society when Society forms all of these

1:41:46

appeals and excuses and and they they

1:41:50

let everybody off the hook you know like

1:41:53

well if you make a market in accepting

1:41:56

excuses and lawsuits you're going to get

1:41:57

a lot of lawsuits and a lot of excuses

1:42:00

right

1:42:02

yeah this is uh and then too big to fail

1:42:05

institutions right we're we're

1:42:07

interrupting this

1:42:09

evolutionary impulse um that that we're

1:42:12

not learning at at um a business and

1:42:16

civilizational level when we preserve

1:42:18

institutions

1:42:19

artificially yeah I'm very persuaded um

1:42:23

by uh all of the points made by TB and

1:42:28

also by the Paleo theorist about the

1:42:31

importance of pain in

1:42:33

life pain is a is a natural teacher and

1:42:37

um you can learn a lot of things via

1:42:41

pain right you try to pick up a chair

1:42:42

the wrong way you you do something the

1:42:45

you know the wrong fashion and the pain

1:42:47

is a feedback and it's information and

1:42:50

when you try to cut off the pain

1:42:54

flow through anesthetics or steroid

1:42:58

shots or quarter zone or

1:43:01

QE or qy or an appeal or a lawyer or a

1:43:06

bribe or however it is you avoid paying

1:43:10

the price the consequences for your

1:43:14

misstep right it's try to suspend

1:43:18

gravity well good luck with that right

1:43:20

right right right you if you could have

1:43:23

suspended gravity you know for a billion

1:43:26

dollars in that one second how much

1:43:27

other screwy stuff would have happened

1:43:29

everywhere else in the world while that

1:43:30

gravity was suspend right guy exactly

1:43:34

the damage would have been maybe a

1:43:35

million times worse yeah I mean gra

1:43:38

gravity is key there's a good reason you

1:43:40

can't compromise Nature's protocols

1:43:43

right and we should mirror that through

1:43:45

natural

1:43:51

law that would be the healthy approach

1:43:51

right yeah that's the that's the paleo

1:43:53

Theory that's that's the theory of um of

1:43:59

antifragility um that's the the that's

1:44:01

the theory of Austrian economics and

1:44:04

right capitalism properly

1:44:06

understood and uh and uh darwinian

1:44:11

Evolution and natural

1:44:14

equilibrium so how awesome was that

1:44:18

right Michael's incredible uh he's very

1:44:20

deeply knowledgeable um about all things

1:44:23

history Tech energy um I hope you found

1:44:26

that conversation as fascinating as I

1:44:29

did and I got a lot of fresh insights um

1:44:34

talking with Michael and I love the the

1:44:37

initial introduction of there's never

1:44:40

been such thing as a fair fight right so

1:44:44

it's as if everything in nature is

1:44:47

always trying to sharpen its

1:44:50

strategy um to figure out you know a

1:44:52

better faster cheaper way of doing

1:44:55

things you know namely getting food

1:44:58

reproducing um things like that so

1:45:01

thought that was really interesting and

1:45:02

there's a there's a nice coraly there

1:45:04

between sort of uh ecological strategies

1:45:08

that an animal might use and a business

1:45:11

strategy right that's that's the nature

1:45:12

of innovation as well so I came to see

1:45:15

Evolution and Innovation as things that

1:45:18

are very closely connected you know

1:45:20

Evolution being kind of the organic form

1:45:22

of Innovation or innovation being the

1:45:24

inorganic form of evolution which I

1:45:26

thought was super

1:45:28

fascinating and um you know it's

1:45:32

fascinating to me that thinking is what

1:45:36

makes us the apex predator right it's

1:45:39

our ability to run these

1:45:42

simulations of future action right we

1:45:44

can actually spin up

1:45:47

avatars um and and other elements of a

1:45:50

situation and think through them before

1:45:52

we actually execute and we can also

1:45:55

communicate about it with one another so

1:45:57

we can out coordinate other animals

1:46:00

right so even though we may not have uh

1:46:03

the most uh vicious physical appendages

1:46:06

in the world it's our wits that make us

1:46:08

men that allow us to out compete um and

1:46:11

be dominant frankly the dominant species

1:46:13

in the world so I thought that was super

1:46:15

interesting and um on that same vein

1:46:21

another change changed my own worldview

1:46:24

was how Michael describes that you know

1:46:27

human beings as far as he can tell are

1:46:29

the only animal that play with fire and

1:46:33

by you by harnessing fire and harnessing

1:46:36

energy we're actually channeling Energy

1:46:40

across our intellect like that's another

1:46:42

way to think about it is that we we F we

1:46:47

create these idea structures in the

1:46:49

world and the the visualization I have

1:46:51

in my mind is almost like

1:46:53

a magnetic field if you've ever seen a a

1:46:56

diagram of a magnetic field there are

1:46:57

these field lines that emanate out and

1:47:00

and circle back from kind of the North

1:47:02

Pole to the South Pole it's almost as if

1:47:04

we can project this intellectual

1:47:07

magnetic field lines into the world and

1:47:10

then actually Channel energy through

1:47:11

them uh to create things and do things

1:47:14

right these are these are the weapons we

1:47:16

use these are the structures we build um

1:47:19

these are even say maybe like a a boat

1:47:23

right we we've figured out how to

1:47:26

reconstruct the raw materials of nature

1:47:29

in accordance with a an established

1:47:32

intellectual pattern such that that boat

1:47:34

now has buoyancy right and we can we can

1:47:37

move ourselves uh without friction

1:47:40

across water so it's just a super

1:47:43

interesting new way to look at the world

1:47:45

and uh you know as he went into the the

1:47:48

three Primal Technologies basically that

1:47:51

that helped us build everything around

1:47:53

us are fire missiles and

1:47:57

hydraulics and fire serves as you know

1:48:01

the Prime energy Network for Humanity

1:48:05

and one thing I've long thought about

1:48:07

which is really interesting is

1:48:09

that it's

1:48:11

not it's common for us to think of

1:48:14

energy in different forms right like we

1:48:15

think of gravitational energy versus

1:48:17

kinetic versus heat energy um all these

1:48:21

different forms of energy but if you

1:48:23

really zoom out I think every bit of

1:48:27

energy that we harness on the planet is

1:48:31

essentially solar energy right so like

1:48:35

even hydrocarbons which are very popular

1:48:37

today like oil natural gas uh we're

1:48:40

combusting these hydrocarbons but what

1:48:42

they actually are what the hydrocarbons

1:48:44

actually are is ancient sunlight that's

1:48:47

fallen on the Earth right it it it fed

1:48:49

and formed this biological matter you

1:48:52

know plant

1:48:53

plants that fed the herbivores and the

1:48:54

herbivores that fed the omnivores and

1:48:58

carnivores and that this all this energy

1:49:01

capture basically dies and

1:49:04

decomposes and that's what becomes these

1:49:06

layers these sedimented layers uh of

1:49:09

hydrocarbons of oil and whatnot so in a

1:49:12

way any form of energy we tap even if we

1:49:16

think it's gravitational energy uh I

1:49:19

mean I guess the Earth does exert its

1:49:21

own gravitational energy to some degree

1:49:23

but a lot of it's coming from its

1:49:24

rotation around the Sun right so most of

1:49:27

the energy if not all uh we harness in

1:49:30

the world is actually a form of solar

1:49:32

energy like the the sun is truly our

1:49:35

divine father if you want to call it

1:49:37

that or our Cosmic father I guess um and

1:49:41

I guess the one other caveat to that

1:49:43

might be Starlight you know it

1:49:44

contributes a small amount of energy to

1:49:46

the world but for all intents and

1:49:47

purposes all energy is solar and I think

1:49:51

that was a really just an interesting

1:49:53

way to to look at

1:49:54

things and when we harness fire right we

1:50:00

we have this force that

1:50:03

has it's a self-generating form of

1:50:06

energy so once we figur out how to spark

1:50:09

the fire and control it we had a form of

1:50:12

energy that could just um expand and

1:50:15

produce and generate itself right and we

1:50:17

use this for a lot of

1:50:18

purposes um you know to clearly like

1:50:21

just uh how he described clearing a

1:50:23

forest with fire thought that was very

1:50:25

interesting super efficient way to clear

1:50:28

a path of predators of obstacles um you

1:50:32

know fire is really good at that and

1:50:33

then it also it improved visibility for

1:50:37

us at night right like because night was

1:50:40

our worst enemy before fire like when

1:50:42

darkness fell we were essentially

1:50:46

neutered you know we're we're we're

1:50:47

visual creatures humans rely on their

1:50:49

visual Acuity as their primary sense so

1:50:52

and under the cover of

1:50:53

Darkness uh we we've lost this this

1:50:56

primary sense organ and fire allowed us

1:50:59

to reestablish that right we could

1:51:02

actually use it to to wield off

1:51:04

Predators we could use it to set up camp

1:51:07

um it just improved visibility for us in

1:51:09

more hours of the day um and it's it's a

1:51:15

great example too I think of

1:51:18

how our conscious decisions and what we

1:51:21

construct

1:51:23

and the things we use can actually shape

1:51:26

us they actually we can actually

1:51:30

co-evolve uh with our conscious

1:51:32

decisions an an example of this would be

1:51:35

you know specific to fire is candl light

1:51:38

so again before we could harness fire

1:51:41

reliably we didn't really have

1:51:44

illumination after the sun went down

1:51:46

right so candl light gave us all this

1:51:50

new found time to stay up late you know

1:51:54

reading studying uh

1:51:57

planning um all these things that help

1:52:00

make us more intelligent over time it

1:52:03

created this feedback loop where we

1:52:05

discovered fire and all of a sudden fire

1:52:08

allowed us gave us all this you know

1:52:10

found time or discovered time to

1:52:14

continue continually expand our

1:52:16

intellectual Horizons even

1:52:18

further uh and another thing was cooking

1:52:21

right cooking is so fascinating that

1:52:22

that we you harnessing fire to cook

1:52:25

we're actually preig esting our food so

1:52:28

we made we liberated nutrients more

1:52:31

easily right we reduced the metabolic

1:52:33

load on the body to break down food and

1:52:36

by doing that we freed up resources

1:52:39

internally that were reallocated to

1:52:41

cognitive development so by figuring out

1:52:44

fire we were able to break down food

1:52:46

more easily predigest it and then we

1:52:49

freed it up energy to become smarter

1:52:51

right and figure out more ways to

1:52:53

channel that energy across our intellect

1:52:55

so that was just like

1:52:56

mindblowing and then finally uh the Fire

1:53:00

based signaling systems he referred to

1:53:02

right with with watchtowers uh flashing

1:53:05

uh signal fires and whatnot that it was

1:53:08

actually that's like the original

1:53:09

telecommunication Network where we could

1:53:11

project our intellect farther and faster

1:53:15

into the world right we in we further

1:53:17

increased that core human capability of

1:53:20

collaboration because now we didn't need

1:53:22

to be with an earshot of each other we

1:53:24

could be at a long distance right just

1:53:26

just to be able to see a a signal fire

1:53:29

from even miles away we could

1:53:31

communicate certain information uh

1:53:33

especially when we developed codes right

1:53:35

like a mors code you could you could um

1:53:37

use by signal fire allowed us to send

1:53:40

information at the speed of light

1:53:42

essentially over over a relatively uh

1:53:44

relatively short distance today but at

1:53:46

the time a relatively long

1:53:48

distance and then um the second Stone AG

1:53:53

technology that was really impactful

1:53:54

were missiles and I thought this was

1:53:57

super cool because I've never even

1:53:58

thought of missiles uh on the same level

1:54:01

as fire or water but it it it's such a

1:54:04

great point because

1:54:06

again back to that original point of

1:54:09

there's never been a fair fight in the

1:54:10

universe so the way humans can out

1:54:14

compete in nature is by engaging in

1:54:18

predetermined unfair fights right like

1:54:20

we we need to engage in conflict

1:54:23

that we know we have an asymmetric

1:54:24

Advantage so we can preserve ourselves

1:54:27

clearly and that we can we can obtain

1:54:30

the most food energy for the lowest

1:54:34

energy expenditure right so like his

1:54:37

analogy do you want to go wrestle with a

1:54:40

lion or a bear or do you want to hit it

1:54:42

with a sling or an arrow from 100 yards

1:54:45

away right there's there's much less

1:54:47

energy exerted for a much higher uh

1:54:50

outcome of of energy consumption in the

1:54:53

form of food

1:54:56

and the slings and arrows like giving us

1:54:59

the power to deliver F Force faster

1:55:02

harder and stronger super interesting

1:55:04

stuff and then giving us the ability to

1:55:08

really develop the element of surprise

1:55:11

in battle right the advantage to be able

1:55:15

to select from where we're going to

1:55:18

start the engagement right from High

1:55:20

Ground ideally with this Sun at our back

1:55:23

with the wind in our face you know

1:55:24

downwind whatever it may be it gave

1:55:27

human beings the optionality to select

1:55:31

when and where they would engage their

1:55:33

prey um and just really interesting

1:55:37

stuff you know like I thought it was so

1:55:40

cool and

1:55:42

then that you know back to the whole

1:55:44

sunzu thing of terrain being the primary

1:55:49

element in any battle right so uh a bear

1:55:53

is probably the most dominant do

1:55:55

dominant terrestrial

1:55:57

creature uh whereas say in the ocean say

1:56:00

it's a great white shark or something

1:56:03

the bear is going to whip the shark on

1:56:06

land and the shark's going to destroy

1:56:08

the bear in the water so it's all about

1:56:10

the terrain right the terrain is the

1:56:12

first uh order of consideration in any

1:56:15

battle and by using missile technology

1:56:20

it lets the aggressor choose the

1:56:22

terrain so I just thought that was that

1:56:25

was super interesting um really cool

1:56:28

stuff and then the third

1:56:30

one we talked about

1:56:32

Hydraulics and I've thought a lot about

1:56:35

water um and how clearly influential and

1:56:39

impactful it is on our development and

1:56:42

you know we we are water right we're

1:56:43

we're constituted of 70% water um the

1:56:48

the old adage I think you go 3 minutes

1:56:51

without oxygen o 3 days without water 3

1:56:55

months without food you're dead so water

1:56:57

is you know very important to have all

1:57:00

time but I

1:57:02

hadn't you know other

1:57:04

than boats right and and buoyancy in

1:57:08

general I hadn't really thought about

1:57:10

the use of hydraulics and channeling

1:57:12

gravitational energy um and I thought it

1:57:15

was really cool how he brought up the

1:57:17

the Great Pyramids actually at least

1:57:19

theoretically being partially

1:57:21

constructed using Hy iics that they

1:57:23

would drill these these long tubes or

1:57:27

trenches and use the uh buoyancy of

1:57:31

water right the it's it's its polarity

1:57:35

acting as a resistant to gravity and

1:57:37

they would use that to move uh to

1:57:39

overcome gravity essentially and move

1:57:41

these giant blocks that otherwise

1:57:42

couldn't that we just simply could

1:57:44

not um and that led to the construction

1:57:48

of you know like the Great Pyramids and

1:57:50

these other Monumental constructions

1:57:52

that we we simply could not have

1:57:55

completed using raw human power right we

1:57:58

again had to use our intellect and

1:58:02

channel Energy across it to accomplish

1:58:05

greater Feats than we could um using

1:58:07

just our our god-given capabilities here

1:58:10

or our our physical

1:58:12

capabilities and I love the analogy you

1:58:17

know uh about the beaver being Nature's

1:58:20

engineer um

1:58:23

thought it's just so fascinating

1:58:26

that it's not like humans do have this

1:58:30

ability to channel Energy across their

1:58:32

intellect and we have the highest order

1:58:33

of it clearly but there is there's

1:58:36

something in nature too where um you

1:58:40

know the bivo is a great example that

1:58:41

he's actually he's eating these trees

1:58:45

that's say food and then it's also he's

1:58:47

constructing an environment for himself

1:58:50

that's conducive to reproduction right

1:58:52

he builds his little fort blocks the

1:58:54

river uh creates an entrance under the

1:58:58

water and then he has a safe place to to

1:59:00

mate and raise children it's it's as if

1:59:03

Nature has this impulse to become

1:59:07

smarter right um so although there is

1:59:11

this big distinction between man and

1:59:13

animal it just it pointed to me that

1:59:15

there's also a Continuum right even like

1:59:18

I think of a squirrel that that maybe

1:59:20

buries nuts for the winner he kind of

1:59:22

engaging in a form of delayed

1:59:24

gratification right it's not he's not

1:59:27

necessarily uh behaving like an

1:59:30

economist per se but he's sort of uh a

1:59:34

little bit closer than uh like a purely

1:59:36

predatory animal that maybe just eats

1:59:38

whenever it can uh or a bird that builds

1:59:41

a nest you know all these things that

1:59:43

that nature really is making best use of

1:59:49

the gifts that Earth Bears um and I

1:59:52

think on that Continuum humanity is just

1:59:55

at the far far far end right and that's

1:59:56

why we're so

1:59:57

dominant and

2:00:00

um I love the the example too we talking

2:00:04

about the mo of water as an effective

2:00:05

defensive technology I think this points

2:00:07

to a lot of history right this when say

2:00:11

America forked off of Great Britain uh

2:00:14

it was the moat of water right the

2:00:16

Atlantic Ocean that made it so difficult

2:00:20

for England to continue to project its

2:00:23

Dominion onto America and that's what

2:00:26

led to um the Revolutionary War right

2:00:29

and and led to American

2:00:31

independence and there's been a lot of

2:00:33

writing I read a book called the next

2:00:36

100 years that made a pretty emphatic

2:00:38

case for North America's Geographic

2:00:42

situation where we have Atlantic on one

2:00:44

side Pacific on the other um all of this

2:00:47

Coastal access makes us a a great

2:00:49

trading partner with both e east and

2:00:52

uh it gives us a massive military

2:00:55

advantage and that we can deploy um uh

2:00:59

military assets into the into both Moes

2:01:02

if you will very easily and um I just I

2:01:06

thought that was super interesting that

2:01:08

that whole

2:01:09

discussion and

2:01:11

then you know when he got into the met

2:01:16

the discussion of the Mediterranean a

2:01:17

little bit how it was actually the

2:01:21

cities around the med terranum because

2:01:22

it was kind of the Perfect Trading

2:01:25

ground a place to move goods and

2:01:27

services across water with super low

2:01:30

energy right because again we um the

2:01:33

description of trying to push a block by

2:01:35

hand versus putting on a boat you can

2:01:37

push it with one hand right it once we

2:01:40

gain the frictionless or near

2:01:43

frictionless of water all of the sudden

2:01:47

uh the utility of energy becomes super

2:01:50

high right we can we can

2:01:53

accomplish great results with very small

2:01:55

effort and so these cities that dotted

2:01:58

the inside of the the

2:02:00

Mediterranean uh this created a super

2:02:04

energy efficient network of trade right

2:02:07

and that's what became uh kind of the

2:02:10

cradle of civilization right that's

2:02:13

where civilization first picked up

2:02:15

because there was so much so much

2:02:18

economic density resulted from the low

2:02:21

energy re requirements of trade within

2:02:23

the Mediterranean so that's was super

2:02:26

fascinating that again back to the

2:02:29

terrain being primary to any battle even

2:02:32

if it's an economic battle right um just

2:02:36

very very good

2:02:38

stuff and then we got into the Romans

2:02:41

and how they conquered the Western

2:02:44

world

2:02:46

and the insight for me there was that

2:02:50

they because of the civilizing force of

2:02:54

trade and the interdependency they had

2:02:57

the Romans actually

2:02:59

became dominant due to their

2:03:02

self-organization right they were the

2:03:04

most organized group of humans up to

2:03:07

that point in history and that's why uh

2:03:11

they became so wealthy and they became

2:03:13

so Imperial right they they created so

2:03:15

much wealth and

2:03:16

civilization uh in and around that that

2:03:19

cradle that they actually started to

2:03:21

expand outwards um and they they

2:03:24

developed they they developed methods of

2:03:27

being of doing this with uh in

2:03:30

accordance with the seasons right so

2:03:32

they would go out a military campaign in

2:03:34

the summer and they would come back and

2:03:36

have their election processes uh in the

2:03:38

winter or whatever the exact timing was

2:03:41

and then they would repeat the whole

2:03:42

thing again um in the following year and

2:03:46

then they they also adapted this this

2:03:50

seasonal um e and flow into their

2:03:53

political structure right so they were

2:03:55

giving everyone their chance right to

2:03:57

make sure that the

2:03:59

hierarchy of that constituted their

2:04:02

civilization was being constantly

2:04:04

revivified with the most competent

2:04:06

people so they would you know Shed off

2:04:09

this this leader and let someone else be

2:04:11

elected um and all of that that thought

2:04:14

and political structure is what

2:04:16

underpins western civilization today

2:04:18

right that is that is the origin of the

2:04:20

democratic process as we know it today

2:04:23

so just so fascinating to me how deeply

2:04:26

connected we are to history

2:04:29

and this the other thing that came came

2:04:33

out to me was it

2:04:35

was the ancient Romans that realize the

2:04:38

value in establishing a common protocol

2:04:42

right so protocol being a means of

2:04:47

interaction or a form of interaction or

2:04:49

a mode of interaction like a language or

2:04:51

a rule set that we both abide by and

2:04:54

when those rules are consensually

2:04:58

adopted and firm right it gives us the

2:05:02

ability to make a lot of things

2:05:04

irrelevant we can kind of trust the rule

2:05:06

set trust that we're both going to play

2:05:08

by the rules and we just focus on

2:05:09

playing the game whereas if the rules

2:05:11

are messy and we don't know how uh you

2:05:16

know this person if this person is going

2:05:17

to follow the rules next year or not or

2:05:19

if the rules are going to change next

2:05:20

year or not we can't plan we don't have

2:05:22

we don't we don't gain that ability to

2:05:25

have a deeper time horizon or a lower

2:05:28

time preference because the rules are

2:05:30

mushy right we we can't trust one

2:05:32

another as well so there there's a

2:05:34

there's a connection there between the

2:05:36

firmness of the rules set and the

2:05:38

development of interpersonal trust and

2:05:41

the proliferation of civilization right

2:05:44

which which we could think of

2:05:45

civilization as essentially being a

2:05:48

lower aggregate time preference for the

2:05:51

the civilization right the lower their

2:05:53

time preference becomes the more

2:05:54

civilized they are and you know the

2:05:56

these things find their Peak expression

2:05:59

in in arts and culture and um uh morals

2:06:03

all of these things so really

2:06:05

interesting to me how all of that just

2:06:07

built itself in layers right from this

2:06:11

the uh Energy Efficiency and economic

2:06:15

density afforded by the Mediterranean

2:06:18

built into this civilization built into

2:06:20

this political structure built into this

2:06:22

military structure just really like

2:06:25

changing the way I I saw all of that

2:06:27

such a history lesson for me and that um

2:06:32

two these common protocols you know he

2:06:35

told the story of uh the the gentleman

2:06:38

on the aircraft carrier that the

2:06:40

potential for everyone needs their turn

2:06:45

it's a it's an amazingly potent

2:06:48

motivational Force for everyone in the

2:06:51

civilization and again the the Rel how I

2:06:53

relate to that is as a kid there was

2:06:55

this notion that anyone could become

2:06:58

president in school and maybe that was

2:06:59

just a silly it is a silly thing um but

2:07:02

just the the thought of that as a kid

2:07:05

seemed to be motivational right kids are

2:07:07

like oh yeah I'll be president one day

2:07:09

and so I'll get good grades and try hard

2:07:12

at sport and be good and you know do eat

2:07:14

my vegetables whatever it is it's like

2:07:16

because there is this incredibly High

2:07:19

aspirational goal you are incentivized

2:07:22

and even intrinsically it's an extrinsic

2:07:25

motivation but you find I think through

2:07:27

that you find an intrinsic motivation to

2:07:29

be your best and highest most confident

2:07:31

self so thought that was really

2:07:33

interesting that the Romans zeroed in on

2:07:34

that so long

2:07:35

ago and then

2:07:38

two they you know he told the story of

2:07:41

the Romans discovering the wrecked ship

2:07:43

and then they reverse engineered it and

2:07:45

then a few months later they built you

2:07:46

know a whole Fleet of these things so it

2:07:49

goes back to that uh concept of to never

2:07:53

have to never be shameful to emulate

2:07:58

right um what like uh imitation is the

2:08:02

sincerest form of flattery I guess but

2:08:04

in a more pragmatic sense if there is a

2:08:08

solution out there that works better

2:08:10

than what you have you can't really be

2:08:12

afraid to copy it and reproduce it I

2:08:14

mean that's sort of what the markets are

2:08:16

designed to do right um which gets into

2:08:20

why things like int property are bogus

2:08:23

because you can't you can't own an idea

2:08:26

necessarily right uh you can you can

2:08:29

satisfy wants to a high to the highest

2:08:32

degree or at the lowest cost and that's

2:08:34

how you'll be successful in the

2:08:35

marketplace but the idea of owning an

2:08:37

idea um you know gets us really on that

2:08:40

slippery slope toward totalitarianism

2:08:43

where um things like numbers could be

2:08:45

made illegal or certain words could be

2:08:47

owned like it just doesn't make sense so

2:08:50

um thought it was interesting that the

2:08:51

Romans really pressed their military

2:08:53

Advantage by readily copying ideas from

2:08:57

either uh their enemies or from their

2:09:00

their

2:09:02

forbears and um the other thing there

2:09:05

about protocols you know we mentioned

2:09:08

that they they laid out these political

2:09:09

protocols

2:09:10

but it's as

2:09:13

if by

2:09:15

standardizing right we were talking

2:09:17

about I think the the width of the wheel

2:09:20

which is um actually carried over to the

2:09:22

width of a rail track today by

2:09:24

standardizing onto these common

2:09:26

structural protocols political protocols

2:09:29

uh again firm R sets that they were able

2:09:32

to increase their efficiency

2:09:34

tremendously right so their their

2:09:35

productivity and output just

2:09:37

exploded um and you can think about this

2:09:41

even with like home construction right

2:09:45

if by standardizing the one type of

2:09:48

screw or a few types of screws for

2:09:50

different purposes you can produce all

2:09:53

of these things uh at a huge economy of

2:09:56

scale right so you can produce these

2:09:57

screws at a very low cost which would

2:10:00

increase uh the total output of new

2:10:03

homes or whatever you're constructing

2:10:04

with the screws versus if everyone did

2:10:07

their own custom screw nothing would be

2:10:10

interchangeable it would be hard to

2:10:12

produce these things at scale everything

2:10:14

it would localize the economy for screws

2:10:17

which would drastically restrict

2:10:19

productivity so I love I love love this

2:10:21

interesting connection between protocol

2:10:24

standardization and economic output and

2:10:27

prosperity thought that was super

2:10:29

fascinating and then you know this one

2:10:32

really blew me away The Credo of the

2:10:35

engineer as saor referred to as someone

2:10:39

that looks at their surroundings and

2:10:41

then that makes use of their intellect

2:10:44

and all the materials available to them

2:10:46

to construct a better world I mean how

2:10:49

beautiful is that it's poetic and it's

2:10:52

it seems to

2:10:54

me I think he said it at one point to

2:10:57

engineer is divine like it's so

2:11:00

interesting to me that that's what we

2:11:02

are right we are creative creatures by

2:11:06

definition

2:11:07

like as an example ask yourself what is

2:11:11

the purpose of a hand right what is the

2:11:13

purpose of your

2:11:15

hand it's it's a really hard question to

2:11:17

answer because the hand is by definition

2:11:19

multi-purpose right it can do so many

2:11:20

different things it can grip it can can

2:11:23

grab it can punch we can write we can

2:11:25

type we can think I mean all these

2:11:28

different things we can signal to one

2:11:29

another the hand is itself we we're

2:11:33

equipped with these Ultra multi-purpose

2:11:36

tools and I think in terms of humanity

2:11:42

trying to channel Energy across their

2:11:45

intellect that it is the hand is kind of

2:11:48

the primary output of that uh that

2:11:52

intent which I thought was just really

2:11:54

really kind of a different way to see

2:11:56

things for

2:11:57

me and then

2:12:00

finally he got

2:12:03

into natural law right which we could

2:12:06

Define as the pursuit

2:12:09

of or the right to Liberty property and

2:12:12

life right so the right to be free right

2:12:16

to freely experiment and explore so long

2:12:19

as you do not tread on the freedom of

2:12:20

others

2:12:22

uh the right to property which is

2:12:26

property is not the asset itself I'll

2:12:28

talk about this a lot but property is

2:12:32

relationship between the individual that

2:12:35

spends time investing and recreating or

2:12:37

making an asset and that asset so if I

2:12:41

go out and spend my time building a boat

2:12:44

a a system with sound property rights

2:12:46

would say that I have exclusive rights

2:12:48

to that boat where the the area that I

2:12:50

invested my time uh and energy and to

2:12:54

the thing that I uh spent my time and

2:12:56

energy to create I have exclusive rights

2:12:58

to that object that I can then I can

2:13:01

actually trade those rights with other

2:13:02

self- Sovereign people and that's that's

2:13:05

the fly will of economic activity right

2:13:07

so we can each specialize in a craft but

2:13:10

we can reliably go into the market and

2:13:12

obtain other things of value right we

2:13:14

could trade our own craft for other

2:13:16

things um and and satisfy all of our

2:13:19

wants but still just have a narrow

2:13:21

um scope of specialization that allows

2:13:23

us to become super Adept at that

2:13:26

particular area but that that that

2:13:28

adeptness benefits everyone because

2:13:30

we're trading it into the marketplace

2:13:32

right

2:13:33

so making the point that societies that

2:13:37

deeply respected natural law tend to

2:13:40

succeed they tend to out compete because

2:13:44

they are voluntary games right if we

2:13:48

respect natural law we respect people's

2:13:50

right to life to Liberty and to property

2:13:53

then all of a sudden they willingly

2:13:54

Embrace that society and they work for

2:13:56

it and they they'll die for it right

2:13:58

they that's what even the principles

2:14:02

America was founded upon are these

2:14:03

principles essentially um clearly we've

2:14:06

drifted a lot sense but um that is that

2:14:09

that's at the Bedrock of Western

2:14:12

civilization and

2:14:13

then at the opposite end of the spectrum

2:14:16

when you as I would say America probably

2:14:19

is much more closer to today

2:14:22

when you make a market for appeals and

2:14:25

excuses you're likely to get a lot more

2:14:27

of both right so as as a Cicero put this

2:14:30

really succinctly he said The more laws

2:14:33

the less

2:14:34

justice so I think it's beautiful how

2:14:39

the Romans embraced natural law

2:14:41

implemented it into their society into

2:14:43

their culture uh and that became the

2:14:47

Heritage that's pouring forth to us um

2:14:50

and and forming the the sediment of

2:14:53

Western civilization and I think it's

2:14:57

incumbent upon us to study this and see

2:15:01

how far we've drifted from where say

2:15:02

America was founded in 1776 to where we

2:15:05

are today how much the state has

2:15:07

actually become antithetical to this

2:15:09

entire process we have this super

2:15:18

overregulation of complex laws and you

2:15:18

know a commensurate uh downfall

2:15:20

Injustice worldwide so I hope you guys

2:15:23

enjoyed this episode I thought it was

2:15:25

just mindblowing and we're just getting

2:15:27

started so I'll see you back for the

2:15:29

next one

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